Putting Down Roots 3

1
Putting Down Roots (3)

• Preview Europes religious rivalries shaped
  seventeenth-century colonies along Americas
  northern rim the Protestant Reformation stamped
  English Puritan settlements from Maine to Long
  Island, and the Catholic Counter-Reformation
  encouraged the less numerous settlers of French
  Canada. New Englands stable societies, with
  their strong family bonds and growing tradition
  of self-government, contrasted with the more
  prosperous and ethnically diverse colonies of the
  mid-Atlantic.

2
Learning Outcomes Roots

• Appreciate how Europes religious rivalries
  shaped 17th century North America
• Understand the nature and objectives of New
  France settlement
• Be knowledgeable concerning the social and
  religious structure of colonial New England
• Understand the factors contributing to stability
  in the prosperous Middle Colonies
• Understand the relationship of the colonies to
  British Imperial design

3
The Founding of New England

• Puritans in England
• The Puritan Movement followers of Calvin
• Presbyterian Congregationalist believers
• emphasize predestination
• Puritan calls for reform lead to their separatist
  band sailing for America
• 1620 Pilgrims establish Plymouth Colony

4
The Founding of New England

• New England
• A City on a Hill Settlement at
  Massachusetts Bay
• The Great Migration
• Traditional Societies New England
• Families/Women

Plimouth Plantation
5
Early New England (3)

• Emigration Patterns
• Population
• homogeneous
• stable
• Everyday life
• Families
• Towns
• commonly held land
• privately held lots

6
Early New England (3)

• Communities in Conflict
• company towns, single men dominate, exceptions
  to Puritan stability
• Evolving conflicts over religious differences
• Heretics
• Controversy over the separatist Roger Williams,
  founds Rhode Island in 1636
• Anne Hutchinson Antinomianism expelled in
  1638
• Tensions with Quakers, Mary Dwyer hanged

7
Early New England (3)

• Goodwives Witches
• Defined gender roles in Puritan societywoman
  restricted to domestic work
• Significant legal barriers for women
• Only in churches do Puritan woman command
  semi-equal standing with men
• Whites and Indians in Early New England
• Puritans made few efforts to covert Indians
• Compelling similarities between Puritan and
  Algonquin societies
• Bitter tensions culminated in Pequots War
  (1636-37) and King Philips War (1675-76)
• Disastrous impact of Old World diseases

8
"Examination of a Witch", 1853 Tompkins H.
Matteson Peabody Museum
9
The Mid-Atlantic Colonies

• The Middle Colonies
• New Netherlands Founding
• 1624 New York settled by the Dutch West India
  Company
• Dutch have little desire to establish permanent
  colonies abroad only trade interest
• Dutch colonization prompts the migration of a
  widely diverse group of settlers

10

• English Rule in New York
• 1664 English invade New Netherlands Dutch
  surrender
• 17th century, English rule no more productive
  than Dutch rule
• The League of the Iroquois
• Union of the Five Nations (Mohawk, Oneida,
  Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca)
• Powerful players in the trading networks
  political game of the English French
• Powerful Iroquois women
• The Founding of New Jersey
• 1702 established as a royal colony
• Small farms dominate diverse ethnic religious
  groups

11
The Mid-Atlantic Colonies

• The Middle Colonies
• Holy Experiment
• Belief in internal spirit, the Light Within
• Fervent belief in egalitarianism
• 1681 William Penn establishes Pennsylvania
• Massive migration by 1700, population numbers
  21,000

12
Quaker Meeting - Woman preaching Corbis-Bettmann
13

• Holy Experiment
• Patterns of Settlement
• Pennsylvania Population consists of indentured
  servants, small farmers, artisans
• Majority are Quakers, but also people of other
  faiths settle
• Unique peace between settlers Indians, the
  Lenni Lenapes
• Quakers and Politics
• Constant tension among Penn, his council, the
  legislative assembly, farmers

14
Putting Down Roots (3)

• Blueprint for Empire
• The Web of Imperial Trade
• Navigation Acts
• Gentry in Revolt (1676-1691)

15
Adjustment to Empire

• The Dominion of New England
• 1686-88, Crown consolidates northeastern America
  colonies into one entity
• Governor Edmund Andros uses ruthless policies
  leadership to enforce the authority of the
  English government
• Andros engenders hatred from nearly everyone

16
About the same time that northern colonials were
reaching the end of their patience with Andros,
the English decided they had taken enough from
his royal master(105).

• The Glorious Revolution Aftershocks
• 1688 James II deposed in favor of Protestant
  daughter, Mary, her Dutch husband, William of
  Orange
• Leislers Rebellion
• New Englanders take cue depose Edmund Andros
• Dominion overthrown colonies given new charters,
  1689-91
• Royal Authority in America to 1700
• 1696 Parliament initiates closer regulation of
  trade in the colonies
• By 1700, members of colonial assemblies
  understand the limits of royal power
• Growing threat to English colonies by ascendant
  France

17
About the same time that northern colonials were
reaching the end of their patience with Andros,
the English decided they had taken enough from
his royal master(105).
18
Key Words and Terms (3)

• Ann Hutchinson
• Quakers
• William Penn
• League of the Iroquois
• Board of Trade
• Glorious Revolution
• Dominion of New England
• Leislers Rebellion
• Salem witchcraft

• John Winthrop
• Separatists
• Pilgrims
• Roger Williams
• Half-Way Covenant (1662)
• Gods elect
• Navigation Acts (1660)
• Metacomet Increase Mather

19
SummaryLearning Outcomes Roots

• Appreciate how Europes religious rivalries
  shaped 17th century North America
• Understand the nature and objectives of New
  France settlement
• Be knowledgeable concerning the social and
  religious structure of colonial New England
• Understand the factors contributing to stability
  in the prosperous Middle Colonies
• Understand the relationship of the colonies to
  British Imperial design