Chapter 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West

1
Chapter 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West
2
Market Revolution

• Rise of Textile mills in the Northeast by mid
  century.
• Specialization takes place raise one or two
  crops
• People bought and sold goods rather than making
  them for themselves.

3
The Entrepreneurial Spirit

• Capitalism economic growth whereby private
  businesses and individuals control means of
  production.
• Entrepreneurs these people invested their own
  money in businesses. Risk takers

4
Impact on the Household Economy

• American agricultural continued to flourish.
• Farmers produced important goods for the American
  industrial machine and became important consumers
  for the manufactured goods.
• Goods grew less expensive. People became
  consumers.

5
Inventions and Improvements

• Shoes and sewing machines these examples show
  how life became easier.
• Clothing prices tumbled by more than 75 as a
  result of these new inventions.

6
Communication and Transportation

• Telegraph Morse created a device that would
  take a signal less than 1 minute to go from
  Washington D.C. to Baltimore.
• Transportation steam engine moved goods
  quicker to market
• Canals were built to move goods where rivers
  did not exist

7
New Markets Link Regions

• Northeast Shipping and Manufacturing
• Midwest Farming
• South cotton and tobacco

8
Manifest Destiny

• The U.S. would inevitably expand west to the
  Pacific Ocean because it was right and proper,
  according to many Americans.
• 6 Reasons See handout

9
Mexico Invites Settlers

• Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821.
• Mexico offered land grants in 1821 and 1823 to
  anyone who brought in settlers. The only
  stipulations were that the settlers had to follow
  Mexican laws and obey the Roman Catholic
  Religion.

10
Stephen Austin

• 1823 led 300 families into Mexico to establish
  a colony (cotton) along Brazos River.
• Each family received 200 free acres of farm
  land. They did not have to pay taxes on the land
  for six years.
• Colony prospered 1000s of Americans came to
  Texas

11
Mexican / American Difficulties Increase

• 1830 20,000 Anglos / English speaking whites in
  Mexico
• 1000 1500 slaves working cotton and sugar
  fields.
• 1829 Mexico abolished slavery Mexico did not
  want slavery in the territory. They hoped that
  Texans would free their slaves.
• Influx of Americans who spoke a different
  language and practices a different religion
  (Protestantism)

12
Mexican / American Difficulties Continued

• Mexico was worried about American expansionist
  tendencies (extending the borders of the United
  States.

13
Mexican Response

• 1830 Mexican government closed Texas border to
  any further immigration.
• Taxed heavily the importation of American goods
  to Mexico (Texas)
• Sent troops north to Texas to ensure laws were
  observed
• AMERICANS KEPT COMING IN AND SMUGGLING GOODS.

14
Stephen Austin Heads to Mexico City

• 1833 Stephen Austin went to Mexico City
  (nations capital) to ask the Mexican Union for a
  petition for Texas to become an independent
  state.
• Austins petition was rejected. He was arrested
  for treason and spent 18 months in jail.

15
New Personalities

• Several new comers saw no reason to live under
  Mexicos law.
• Sam Houston former Congressman from Tennessee
• Davie Crockett

16
Mexico Abolishes State Governments

• President Antonio Lopez Santa Anna abolishes all
  state governments in Mexico (Texas).
• He marched north with 6,000 troops towards the
  Alamo (chapel and fort in San Antonio).

17
The Alamo

• Alamo Feb 23 until March 6, 1836
• Mexican troops scaled walls killing 187 American
  defenders
• 1600 Mexicans killed during the battle
• Survivors Mrs. Dickenson along with her infant
  child and two slaves

18
Oppression

• Many American Texans saw a similarity between
  oppression suffered by the colonist under Great
  Britain and their situation with General Santa
  Anna.
• They felt that their fundamental rights were
  being violated.

19
Texas Declares its Independence

• Constitution like the one the U.S. developed
• Temporary government
• Alamo aroused the fighting fury among the Texans
• Six weeks later Sam Houston leads an army into
  Mexico to capture Santa Anna
• Houston forced Santa Anna to sign a treaty
  pledging to recognize Texas as an independent
  state

20
Sam Houston Elected President of the Lone Star
Republic

• Annexation of Texas North opposed admitting
  more slave states and feared war with Mexico
• West South wanted to admit Texas as a slave
  state since it had been won by America.
• Great Britain welcomed the idea of an
  independent Texas. However, they were against
  slavery.

21
Why did Britain Favor an Independent Texas?

• 1. Counterweight American power
• Buy cotton and sell manufactured goods to Texas
  without paying a U.S. protective tariff

22
Texas Becomes the 28th State

• December 28, 1845
• This infuriated Mexico
• Santa Fe Trail 800 miles Missouri New Mexico
  economic route