Evolution

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Evolution
?

• A brief history of the conception, process, and
  what it all means.

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Who is this Darwin character?

• Lived 1809-1882
• As a young boy he was fascinated with the natural
  sciences (ex collecting beetles)
• Attended religious school as a boy
• 1825 - Studied as a doctor
• but was discussed by the
• brutality of surgery

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More schooling

• 1827 Attended Christs College to become an
  Anglican clergyman didnt enjoy
• Began to study natural sciences and eventually
  landed an unpaid internship as a naturalist
  aboard the HMS Beagle

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The Beagle

• Was to spend two years surveying and mapping out
  the coast of South America
• Took 5 years during which Charles spent about
  2/3 of it on land exploring
• Lots of time to collect samples
• of life and fossils.
• Studied geology as well

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Voyage of the Beagle
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The Galapagos Islands
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Animals of the Galapagos
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• Darwins
• Famous
• Finches

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What did he see in the finch?

• Chuck noticed they were all similar, but also
  slightly different
• Each was adapted to a different niche for the
  island they lived on
• Helped to establish his theories

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Artificial Selection

• Artificial Selection
• Nature provides variation and humans
• select for the ones they want
• Dog and pigeon breeding helped guide Darwins
  thinking about natural selection

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Origin of SpeciesBy Means of Natural Selection

• Published 1859
• Sold every copy on first day
• Did not talk about human evolution
• Avoided term evolution until 6th edition

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His theory was simply stated in the introduction

• As many more individuals of each species are
  born than can possibly survive and as,
  consequently, there is a frequently recurring
  struggle for existence, it follows that any
  being, if it vary however slightly in any manner
  profitable to itself, under the complex and
  sometimes varying conditions of life, will have a
  better chance of surviving, and thus be naturally
  selected. From the strong principle of
  inheritance, any selected variety will tend to
  propagate its new and modified form.

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The Mechanism - Natural Selection

• 1) More offspring are born than can survive
• 2) There is variation in offspring
• 3) Those offspring that have the best adaptation
  for the environment will survive
• 4) Those that have the best adaptations (the ones
  that survive) will pass on their genes!

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Natural Selection

• Natural Selection (Survival of the Fittest)
• Individuals that are better suited to their
  environment will survive and reproduce most
  successfully.

Bummer of a birthmark!
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What is evolution

• Evolution (two definitions)
• 1) Change in a kind of organism over time
• 2) Process by which modern organisms have
  descended from ancient organisms

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Evolution of Dance
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Quick Review Where do new traits come from?

• Mutations of genes!!!
• Remember . . . Mutation Variation!!!

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Whats need got to do with it?
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Whats Need Got to With It?

• Need is not random individuals who do not
  have the right trait cannot create it they die!

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Biological Fitness

• Fitness Ability of an organism to survive and
  reproduce! (need both)
• In Biology, the most fit INDIVIDUALS have more
  SURVIVING offspring.

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Who is more fit?

• Has 1 kid
• Has 9 kids

A.
B.