THE MUSCLES

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THE MUSCLES

• UPPER AND LOWER BODY

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THE UPPER BODY
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Muscles of the Neck

• Sternocleidomastoid
• Origin - sternum and clavicle
• Insertion mastoid process
• Function flexes head sideways, rotates
• Splenius
• Origin last four C vertebrae and upper T
  vertebrae
• Insertion nuchal line, upper C vertebrae
• Function rotates head

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Muscles of the Thoracic Cage

• Intercostal Muscles
• Origin inferior aspect of ribs
• Insertion superior aspect of ribs
• Function used during breathing

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Muscles of the Abdominal Wall

• Rectus Abdominis
• Origin pubis and symphysis pubis
• Insertion xiphoid and inferior ribs
• Function trunk flexion, childbirth ?

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Muscles Acting on the Upper Limb

• Pectoralis Major
• Origin clavicle, sternum and first 6 ribs
• Insertion intertubercular groove
• Function internal rotation, adduction and
  flexion
• Latissimus Dorsi
• Origin lumbar and lower thoracic, iliac crest
  and sacrum
• Insertion intertubercular groove
• Function adductor, extensor and internal
  rotation

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Muscles of the Rotator Cuff

• Supraspinatus
• Origin supraspinous fossa
• Infraspinatus
• Origin infraspinous fossa
• Teres Minor
• Origin lateral border of scapula
• Insertion for all 3 greater tubercle
• Function for all 3 stabilize shoulder

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Muscles that Position the Scapula

• Trapezius
• Origin nuchal line, all C and T vert
• Insertion spine of scapula, acromion and
  clavicle
• Function elevation, adduction of scapula

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Scapular Muscles That Move the Humerus

• Deltoid
• Origin clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
• Insertion deltoid tuberosity
• Function anterior head ? flexes shoulder
  lateral head ? abducts arm posterior head ?
  extends arm

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Elbow Flexors and Extensors

• Biceps
• Origin humerus
• Insertion radial tuberosity
• Function - flexes elbow

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• Triceps
• Origin humerus
• Insertion olecranon
• Function extends arm

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Intrinsic Hand Muscles

• Thenar Eminence
• Origin trapezium
• Insertion proximal phalanx of thumb
• Function flex, abduct and oppose thumb

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THE LOWER BODY
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Hip Flexors and Extensors

• Gluteus Maximus
• Origin crest of ilium, sacrum, coccyx
• Insertion greater trochanter
• Function hip extension

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Quadriceps Group

• Rectus Femoris
• Origin anterior inferior illiac spine
• Vastus Lateralis
• Origin greater trochanter
• Vastus Medialis
• Origin medial shaft of femur
• Insertion for all tibial tuberosity
• Function for all knee extension

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Hamstring Group

• Biceps Femoris
• Origin ischial tuberosity
• Insertion head of fibula
• Function knee flexion

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Extrinsic Foot Muscles

• Tibialis Anterior
• Origin shaft of tibia
• Insertion medial cuneiform
• Function dorsiflexion
• Gastrocnemius
• Origin condyles
• Insertion calcaneus
• Function plantar flexion

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Intrinsic Foot Muscles

• Flexor Digitorum Brevis
• Origin calcaneus
• Insertion phalanges 2-5
• Function flexes toes