Sin ttulo de diapositiva

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EngineeringComputation
Part 0
2
Introduction
Objectives 1. Broad introduction to Numerical
Methods for engineering as a general and
fundamental tool for all engineering disciplines
(numerical calculus, numerical analysis, and
probability statistics). 2. Literacy in 2
higher-level programming tools widely used in
engineering for numerical methods and graphics
Excel and MATLAB. 3. Illustrate and discuss how
numerical methods are used in engineering
practice, industry, and research. 4. Show some
applications of Numerical methods to Civil
Engineering
3
Introduction
ENGCOMP Course outline 0. Spreadsheets
(Excel) and MATLAB. 1. Approximation, errors,
and precision introduction to numerical
differentiation. 2. Roots of functions of one
variable. 3. Simultaneous linear
equations - tri-diagonal, LU decomposition,
iterative solutions - norms, condition
number, operation counting. 4. Introductory
probability statistics 5. Curve-fitting,
regression, and cubic splines. 6. Numerical
integration and differentiation. 7. Numerical
solution of ODEs. 8. Introduction to
numerical solutions of PDEs.
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Introduction

• Why are Numerical Methods so widely used in
  Engineering?
• Engineers use mathematical modeling (equations
  and data) to describe and predict behavior of
  systems.
• Closed-form (analytical) solutions are only
  possible and complete for simple problems
  (geometry, properties, etc.).
• Digital computers are widely available, powerful,
  and cheap.
• Powerful software packages are available (special
  or general purpose).

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Introduction

• Applications of Numerical Methods in Engineering?
• Structural/mechanical analysis, design, and
  behavior
• Buildings, dams, bridges, towers
• Plants, assembly lines, machines
• Communication/power
• Network simulation
• Train and traffic networks
• Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
• Weather prediction
• Groundwater pollutant movement
• Ocean circulation
• Dam break and flood routing

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Introduction

• Why study Numerical Methods?
• Numerical Analysis is a Discipline
• Need to understand concepts and theory
• - Know what problems can be solved.
• - Know what problems cannot be solved, or when
  problems will be troublesome.
• Need to understand methods and techniques
• - Know why methods work, or judge when they are
  working.
• - Be able to create or modify tools (software) as
  needed.
• - Evaluate errors, convergence, and stability of
  arithmetic approximations.

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Introduction

• Why study Numerical Methods? (continued)
• Use of Numerical Methods is an Art
• Numerical methods are approximate.
• The most appropriate method(s) is not always
  obvious.
• Evaluating precision and accuracy is an essential
  part of the process.

8
Introduction
Instructor Prof. Enrique Castillo Escuela de
Ingenieros de Caminos Universidad de
Cantabria castie_at_unican.es Office Hours
any time by appointment Teaching Assistants
Carmen Sordo PS office hours grading
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Introduction

• Computing Languages
• Spreadsheets
• Microsoft Excel (w/Visual Basic)
• Numerical Languages
• MATLAB
• Electronic Communication by e-mail
• e-Mail with Eudora or Web Email
• Computer assignments will be submitted as
  attachments via e-mail castie_at_unican.es
• Word, Excel, MATLAB documents as enclosures
• documents will be distributed via the ENGCOMP web
  page. http//personales.unican.es/castie/

10
Introduction

• ENGCOMP Course Materials
• Required Textbook and Notes
• Chapra Canale, Numerical Methods for
  Engineers, 4th Ed., 2002
• Recommended Texts
• Palm, Introduction to MATLAB for Engineers.
• The MathWorks, The Student Edition of MATLAB.
• Pratap, Getting Started with MATLAB.
• Kuncicky, Introduction to EXCEL.
• Will Distribute handouts via course web page,
  e.g.
• "Introduction to Spreadsheets Using Microsoft
  EXCEL"
• "Primer on MATLAB"

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Bibliography

• Chapra S. C., Canale R. P., Métodos Numéricos
  para Ingenieros, Mc. Graw-Hill,1999. Tercera
  Edición.
• Burden R. L., Raires J. D., Análisis Numérico.
  Ed. Grupo Editorial Iberoamericana,1998. Sexta
  Edición.
• Kincaid D., Cheney W., Análisis Numérico.
  Addison-Wesley Iberoamericana,1994.
• Press W. H., Teukolsky S. A., Vetterling W. T.,
  Flannery B. P., Numerical Recipes in C. The Art
  of Scientific Computing. Cambridge University
  Press. Second Edition.
• Press W. H., Teukolsky S. A., Vetterling W. T.,
  Flannery B. P., Numerical Recipes in C. Example
  Book (C). Cambridge University Press. Second
  Edition.
• Stoer J., Burlirsch R., Introduction to
  Numerical Analysis, Springer Verlag,
  Berlin,1992.
• Michael T. Heat, Scientific Computing An
  Introductory Survey, Ed. Mc Grawn Hill.
• Gander W., et al. Solving Problems in Scientific
  Computing using Maple and Matlab, Springer
  Verlag, Berlin,1993.
• Mathews, J. H., Kurtis D. F., Métodos Numéricos
  con Matlab, Prentice Hall Iberia, D. L. 1999.
• Ottosen, N., Petersson H., Introduction to the
  Finite Element Method, Prentice Hall, 1992.
• Herrero, H., Díaz Cano, A, Informática Aplicada
  a las Ciencias y a la Ingeniería con Matlab , E.
  T. S. de Ingenieros Industriales. UCLM.

12
Introduction

• Weekly Assignments
• Problem Sets (PS) due Tuesday
• - teams of 3 work together, check each other
• - teams to be formed by F, October. 10
• - first PS due on T, October. 10
• Computer Assignments (CA) due Friday
• teams of 3 work together, learn from each other
• submit electronically
• first CA due next week (F, Oct. 10)
• CA01 is on the ENGCOMP web page
• Assignment submissions must follows the standards
  described on the course web page.

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Mathematical Models
Grades Tentative Weighting (Letter Grade only)
Computer Assignments (CA) 20 For 2 Prelims
40 Final Exam 20 Attendance
participation various 20 Because ENGCOMP
serves to fulfill a College computing
requirement, to pass the course, you MUST pass
all but one Spreadsheet assignments and all but
one MATLAB assignments with a grade of C- or
better.
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Mathematical Models

• Evening Preliminary exams
• Prelim 1 November 26, 16.00.
• Prelim 2 To be anounced.
• Final exam
• To be anounced
• All exams will be open book.
• Be sure to bring your textbook, notebook, pocket
  calculator, and a writing implement to all exams.

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Introduction

• Teams
• Objectives
• - To simulate professional practice, students
  will work in teams when doing the homework and
  computer assignments.
• - Research shows it is advantageous for the teams
  to be of mixed ability and for all team members
  to take responsibility for the work and success
  of other team members.
• Implementation
• - Teams will be organized freely or assigned by
  the Professor.
• - All members of every team will be responsible
  for the accuracy and completeness of the
  assignment and any violations of academic
  integrity.

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Bridge crane design example
Bridge girder
Design elements top plate, bottom plate, web,
etc.
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Modes of failure
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Modes of failure
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Retaining wall example
Geometry heel, stem and toe dimensions, soil
cover, etc.
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Retaining wall example (Failure Modes)
1. Sliding failure2. Overturning failure3.
Bearing capacity failure4. Stem bending
failure5. Stem shear failure6. Toe bending
failure7. Toe shear failure8. Heel bending
failure9. Heel shear failure
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Vertical Breakwater
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Failure modes
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Failure modes
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Solution