Market Hunting See text

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Market Hunting - See text
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Midcontinent Light Geese Example Includes
Greater and Lesser Snow Geese (blue and white
color phases) and Ross geese
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Greater and Lesser Snow geese on Atlantic and
Mississippi Flyways Use Hudsons Bay as breeding
ground and stopover areas (Midcontinental light
geese)
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1965 present Greater Snow 30,000 600,000
Lesser Snow 1 3 million Ross
30,000 400,000
Population sizes from 1968-1993

• Why the Increase?
• Agriculture
• Sanctuaries
• Reduced Hunter Harvest
• Climate shift on BG
• Result
• Higher adult survival/condition
• Higher repro

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Goose grubbing for rhizomes tubers results
in major shifts in vegetation
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Hudson Bay Study Site 1984
Is it really geese?
1997
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Is it really geese? The exclosure experiment
At Hudson Bay 35 of habitat destroyed, 30
damaged, 35 overgrazed
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Recall the ways hunting can be used to alter
outcome

• Season
• Method of Take
• Bag Limit
• of Hunters
• Which animals

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• Management Response
• Conservation Order Light Goose Hunts ordered by
  USFWS
• Extend Hunting Season into Spring
• Methods
• Electronic calls
• No limit on number shells shotgun contains
• Bag limit
• No daily bag limit imposed, set by states

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USFWS Final Environmental Impact Statement Light
Goose Management June 2007
The management goal for light geese in the
mid-continent region is to reduce the population
by 50 from the level observed in the late 1990s.
The management goal for greater snow geese is to
reduce the population to 500,000 birds.
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Lethal Trapping - More controversial than
hunting See Table 10-3 for pro-con views
Leghold trap
Snare
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• 1994 AZ Ban on trapping on federal/state lands
• Effect on harvest lab exercise
• Current Regulations
• 1) Only on private lands or special designations
• 2) License, written exam, course required
• 3) All traps labeled, padded jaws, offset
• 4) Checked daily, kill target or release
  non-target
• 5) Written annual report to AZGFD
• Exemptions
• Livestock losses
• Federal, state, county, local health departments

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• Examples of use of trapping
• Mesocarnivores on refuges/breeding grounds
• Garretson and Rohwer 2001. JWM 65398-405.
• 41km2 sites, ½ trapped other not trapped
• Trappers paid 18,000 for 5 mos
• 2404 coons, skunks and foxes
• Response Doubled duck nesting success 23 vs
  43 and return rate
• (so what was management goal in this case?)
• Recommendations
• 1) Treat large areas, with high repro
  potential
• 2) May not be necessary where coyotes prey
  on
• coons, skunks and foxes
• 3) Need public acceptance rural area so

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2) Introduced Exotic Species Nutria (Coypu)
Native of South America
5-8 young/litter 2-3 litters per
year Introduced for fur in 1930s
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Intro in La in 1930 20 million by 1950 1970
10,000 trappers in La 1998 - 1,700
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Effects Destroy levees Consume crops Convert
marsh to open water Cost millions of
Chesapeake Bay of Maryland CONTROL Options???
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• Lethal Trapping worked in Great Britain where
  coypu eradicated
• Alternatives to lethal trapping?
• 1) Live trapping and removal
• Cost
• Remove to where?
• 2) Contraception
• Cost
• Availability
• 3) Poison
• Non-target effects
• Reduced suffering?
• Limiting access
• Reintroduce predators
• Feasibility

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Arizonas Coypu?