cs1110 Dr' Kaminski

1
cs1110 - Dr. Kaminski

• Introduction to
• Computers Programming

2
To do. . .

• Attendance
• Class cancelled? (weather? Im sick?)
• www.cs.wmich.edu/cs1110
• syllabus schedule
• help
• link to Kaminskis cs1110 WebPage

3
CS1110 Focus (scale of 0-5)

• Programming (any language) 5
• C language (the basics) 5
• Debugging 4
• Algorithm design (basic) 3
• Follow requirement specs 3
• Testing 2
• Programming environment (.NET) 1
• GUI (Visual) interface 0

4
Whats a computer?

• PC (Windows machine), Mac, . . .
• micro-computer (laptop, desktop, netbook),
• mini-computer, mainframe, supercomputer
• Blackbery, iPhone, smart phone, iPod, Tivo, Xbox,
  
• print server, file server, DB server, web server,

5
2 parts of a computer

• Hardware (HW)
• CPU
• Memory (RAM, )
• Storage devices Disk, CD, DVD, thumb drive,
• I/O devices
• Connectivity NW, wifi, bluetooth, ethernet,
• Software (SW)
• programs
• makes the computer smart
• controls HW
• hides most HW from user

6
HW CPU

• 1) CU (Control Unit) - Boss
• fetch decode instruction
• (the instr. specified in PC (program counter)
  )
• call pass data to/from other HW units
• 2) ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) - Worker
• arithmetic - /
• comparisons lt

7
HW - Storage

• 1 - Primary storage Memory (RAM)
• internal storage
• temporary, volatile, small, fast-access
• e.g., 512MB, . . . 1GB, . . .
• 2 - Secondary storage
• disk, CD, DVD, SD card, USB thumb drive
• external storage
• permanent, large capacity, slow-access
• e.g., 250GB, . . . 1TB, . . . HD
• (or 2GB flash drive in netbook) . . .

8
HW I/O

• Input
• Devices keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, . .
  .
• camera, scanner, microphone, . . .
• File, DB, internet, . . .
• Output
• Devices Screen, printer, AV device, . . .
• Control machine, robot, . . .
• File, DB, internet, . . .

9
SW (programs)

• system SW
• OS, utilities, device drivers, compilers, text
  editors, NW SW, . . .
• application SW
• general-purpose
• DBMS, MS Office, browser, Visual Studio
• application-specific
• Payroll, WMU registration

10
Programmer

• Application programmer
• Systems
• Database
• Network
• Web
• . . .
• . . .
• Games, AI, graphics, . . .

11
Program

• recipe
• detailed step-by-step INSTRUCTIONS
• tells computer EXACTLY what to do
• controls HW
• processes data
• package vs. in-house programs
• SW system set of programs
• e.g., operating system

12
Software Engineer

• Programmer - Developer
• Systems Analyst - Designer
• SW Engineering activities
• Plan, design, test, document
• Code ( write program)
• Develop GUI
• Develop modules (classes)
• Customize package
• Build SW from components
• . . .

13
IPO model (IPSO model?)

• Input ? Processing ? Output
• Storing

14
IPO

• HUMAN
• see/hear ?think remember ? speak/write
• HW
• mouse/KB ? CPU RAM disk ? screen,
• SW (traditional program)
• data ? process store ? data
• (user/file/DB) (user/file/DB)
• the PROGRAM

15
Data

• text, numbers
• graphics, sound, images, movies, . . .
• mouse clicks (single/double, left/right), mouse
  hovers, . . .
• web page, text message, . . .

16
Types of applications

• Batch processing
• Typically file in, file/printer out
• Interactive
• simple text I/O with user (Console App)
• GUI (Windows App)
• (Web App)
• Visual C can do all of these
• CS1110 only Console Applications

17
IPO

• SW (windows application)
• user input ? process store ? screen
  display
• mouse clicks ? ? DB
• data in a form ?
• SW module (a method)
• input parameter ?procedure ? return value
• local variables
• classs instance variables

18
Types of Programs/Programming

• Event-driven program
• Modular program
• Visual program
• Structured program
• Procedural program (next time )
• Object-oriented program (couple weeks)
• OOP
• Visual C can do all of these

19
Event-driven programming

• IPO event ? handler module
• in program ? effects
• Events
• left-mouse-click on button/slider bar/menu item,
  
• mouse hovers over X,
• user hits Enter key, hit F5 key,
• sensor detects change,
• change made to the DB,
• . . .
• Programming Write a module to handle any event
  that could happen

20
Windows App vs. Console App

• event-driven
• Windows App vs. Console App
• Controller User Program (Main)
• Input PUSHed into PULLed by
• program by user program
• Interface Windows/GUI/ Console (text)
• Visual/web/
• Mode Interactive Batch or
• simple text I/O

21
Modular programming

• Program a collection of small modules
• A module is
• (in Procedural Prog.)
• an IPO procedure or function
• (in Object Oriented Prog.)
• a Class (object)
• a IPO method within a class
• procedure
• Programming write modules
• Top-down or bottom-up

22
Visual Programming

• Visual C, Visual Basic, Visual C, Visual J
• 1) Construct GUI from pre-existing visual
  components
• Text box, radio button, slider bar, dropdown
  list,...
• 2) Adjust the properties of these objects
• 3) Add procedural code (a module) specifying
• WHAT to do for
• each EVENT that might happen to this object
• (Much code is automatically generated for an
  object)

23
Structured Programming

• All procedural code (C methods) is made from
  stacking or nesting of
• 1) Sequence Structure
• action1, action2, action3, . . .
• 2) Selection (condition) Structure
• if conditionX is true
• then action1
• else
• action2
• 3) Repetition (loop) Structure
• while conditionX is true do
• action1,
• action2,
• ...

24
Programming

• problem-solving ? ? solution
• Solve the problem right AND
• Solve the right problem
• Determine
• WHAT needs to be done
• HOW to do it (the algorithm)

25
Example Problems

• iPod - List Song titles in alphabetical
  order
• Calculate final grade in cs1110
• Sync up iPod iTunes on PC
• Pay off a car loan at X over Y years
• Google Map Directions
• find the shortest path Kzoo ? GR

26
Steps in programming

• Requirements specification (what)
• Program design (how)
• The Algorithm (in Pseudocode)
• Which Modules
• GUI
• Coding (development) in C
• Testing debugging
• Documentation (external)
• Maintenance

27
Algorithm (the P of IPO)

• e.g., find all Prime Numbers lt 120?
• View of P
• Users view BLACK-box
• Programmers view WHITE(clear)-box
• (write test actual code)
• Programs P (the processing) could
• Lookup in a table / file / DB
• Calculate using
• Algorthm1 or Algorithm2 or . . .

28
Construct program from

• pre-existing classes/methods in library
• just need to know interface (I/O)
• classes/methods written by programmer

29
Basic Operations (processing) used in a program

• 1) Actual Work
• arithmetic
• comparison ( , lt, gt, and, or, not)
• 2) Move/storing data
• Assignment Mem ? Mem
• I/O (Read)
• KB/mouse/text-on-screen/touchscreen/file/ ? Mem
• I/O (Write)
• Mem ? screen/printer/file/

30
Basic Operations (processing) used in a program

• 3) Control the flow
• (what instruction executes next)
• default do next line
• maybe do this line (if, switch)
• jump to specific line (loop, break)
• goto return (call)
• 4) Packaging
• Methods (procedures)
• Classes

31
1st 2nd Generation Programming Languages

• Machine Languages (ML)
• 11010010001010011110000111000111
• Machine-dependent
• Assembly Languages
• Add 210(8,13)
• Machine-dependent

32
3rd Generation Languages

• High Level Languages (HLL), e.g., C
• Average (Ex1 Ex2 Ex3) / 3
• 2 main programming paradigms
• Procedural (PP)
• C, COBOL, Fortran, Basic, ... ,
• any OOP can do PP
• Object-oriented (OOP)
• C, Java, C, Visual Basic.NET

33
Compiler

• HLL program ? compiler ? ML program
• Hello.cs ? C compiler ? Hello.exe
• (source code) (executable)

34
4th 5th Generation Languages

• Application-specific Languages
• e.g., SQL for DBS
• Select name, phone from student
• where major CS and state MI
• Natural Languages (English, . . .)
• If patient is age 65 or older
• and is disoriented
• and has pain in his/her left arm
• then patient could have had a heart attack