Test 1

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Test 1
marks posted on web on wall across from my
office
returned in tutorials
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Topics Revision
14 Early Hominids, Ch 2
15 Homo erectus, Ch 3 68-81
16 Archaic H sapiens Ch 3 81-94
17 Anatomically Modern Humans, Ch 4
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Topic 15 Homo erectus
1.9 mya - 200,000 BP

• Africa

• Asia

• Europe

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(No Transcript)
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Africa
South Africa
Swartkrans
1.6 mya
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East Africa
East Turkana
1.6 mya
KNM-ER 3733 skull
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West Turkana
1.5 mya
skeleton of 11 year old
1.8 metres tall
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Olduvai Gorge
1.2 mya - 700,000 BP

• Beds II, III, IV

• fossils tools

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Olorgesailie
700,000 - 400,000 BP

• tools

• hunting site

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Asia
Java (Solo) 1.8 mya
Dmansi, Georgia 1.7 mya
Zhoukoudien 300,000 ya
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Europe
Vertesszolos, Hungary 400,000
Terra Amata, France 300,000
Torralba, Spain 300,000
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Skeletal Anatomy
post-cranial skeleton fully modern
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Skull

• brain 800 - 1200 cc

• brow ridges pronounced

• decreased prognathism

• smaller teeth

• foramen magnum forward

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Chimpanzee
Australopithecus
Homo erectus
Homo sapiens
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Technology

• increased refinement

• increased diversity

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Palaeolithic
Lower 2.5 mya - 100,000
Middle 100,000 - 40,000
Upper 40,000 - 10,000
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Lower Palaeolithic

• Oldowan

• Advanced Oldowan

• Chopper - Chopping Tool

• Acheulian

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Increased Refinement

• core worked over more of the surface

• soft hammer percussion

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Increased Diversity

• Advanced Oldowan

• Chopper Tool

• Acheulian

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Advanced Oldowan

• 1.6 - 1 mya

• Africa only

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Chopper - Chopper Tool

• 1.6 mya - ??

• East Asia

• bamboo?

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Chopper - Chopping Tools
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Acheulian

• 1 mya - 60,000 BP

• Africa southern Europe

• soft-hammer percussion

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• shaping of entire core

Acheulian hand-axe

• formal flake tools

Acheulian Cleaver
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Acheulian Handaxe
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Acheulian Cleaver
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Fire
Swartkrans, S. Africa 1.6 mya

• warmth

• cooking

• light

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Home Bases?
Olduvai Gorge
Site DK 1
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Living Sites
Terra Amata, France 300,000 BP

• living floors of several huts

• seasonal

• multi-component

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Terra Amata
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Hunting Sites
Olorgesailie

• 300,000 BP

• East Africa

• baboons

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Torralba Ambrona

• 300,000 BP

• Spain

• elephant kill sites

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Torralba, Spain
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Boxgrove, England
500,000 BP
rhinoceros, bison, deer, horse, bear
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Social Organization

• bands of 15 to 30?

• cooperation food sharing?

• sexual division of labour?

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Subsistence

• omnivorous diet

• hunting or scavenging?

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Ideation?

• language?

• endocranial casts

• comparison with pongids