Dr. William Straw

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Climate Change, Disasters Disaster Resistant
CommunitiesSoutheast U.S. Climate Change
RoundtableCharleston SCMay 27, 2008

• Dr. William Straw
• Regional Environmental Officer
• DHS/FEMA Region IV
• Atlanta GA

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U.S. Disasters 1964-2007
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World Disasters 1900-2000
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U.S. Disasters 1980-2004
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U.S. Disaster Losses 1950-2005
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FEMA Aid Programs

• Individual Assistance (IA)
• Public Assistance (PA)
• Hazard Mitigation (MT)
• National Preparedness (NP)
• Commonalities
• FEMA Mission Vision
• Regulatory Compliance
• Its the Applicants project
• Technical Assistance

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Other Major Aid Programs

• Dept of Agriculture FSA, FS, NRCS
• Dept of Defense USACE
• Dept of Transportation FHWA
• Dept of Health Human Services
• Dept of Housing Urban Development
• US Small Business Administration

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Other Major Aid Programs

• Tribal, State Local programs
• Volunteer organization (e.g., ARC) programs

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Federal-State Agreements

• Federal-State /or -Tribal understandings,
  commitments conditions for federal assistance.
  
• Set stage for disaster/emergency response
  recovery, and for subsequent hazard mitigation
  preparedness

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Federal-State Agreements

• Contents
• Incident details
• Assistance types cost share
• Special terms conditions
• Federal-State-Tribal-Local protocols
  timetables
  
• Public outreach
• Etc.

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Environmental Planning Historic Preservation
(EHP) Program

• EHP cadre, professional development, tools,
  technical assistance, collaboration, outreach,
  etc.
  
• Structured EHP Reviews
• NEPA Statutory Exclusions (SEs), Categorical
  Exclusions (CEs) Environmental Assessments (EAs,
  PEAs, SEAs)
  
• Interagency EHP Agreements tools for
  streamlined CWA, ESA, MMPA, MBTA, CZMA, NHPA, et
  al. guidance, technical assistance etc.
  
• Avoid, minimize, mitigate, compensate

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Individual Assistance (IA) Program

• Temporary Housing Projects
• Post-event
• Only in IA declared counties
• From FEMA to individuals families
• Tribal, State Local govts private orgs
  others help.
  
• Shelters, hotels, others homes, etc.

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Individual Assistance (IA) Program

• Temporary Housing Projects
• Single Unit Housing
• Mostly on home sites during repair/rebuild.
• 18-month limit
• Group Housing
• For dozens to hundreds at a time, nearby sites
• USACE mission assigned
• 18-month limit
• Applicant selected managed
• Site rehab/restore or stay developed

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Individual Assistance (IA) Program

• Other Housing Projects
• Alternative Housing Pilot Project (AHPP)
• For hundreds to thousands to tens of thousands at
  a time
  
• Gulf Coast Recovery Office (GCRO) managed
  discretionary
  
• No time limit

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Public Assistance (PA) Program

• Standard Projects
• Post-event
• Only in PA declared counties
• For Public Agencies eligible Private
  Non-Profits (PNPs)
  
• Individuals participate through Tribal, State
  Local govts.

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Public Assistance (PA) Program

• Standard Projects
• Objects Structures, infrastructure, contents,
  equipment, systems, etc.3
  
• Actions Repair, replace, retrofit, upgrade,
  buyout, relocate, demolish, clean up, dispose,
  etc.3

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Public Assistance (PA) Program

• Standard Projects
• Only for disaster event damages
• Public eligible PNP structural
  non-structural time, materials, equipment,
  vehicles, infrastructure, structures, contents,
  collections, regulatory measures, etc.
• Pre- post-event Neglect damages ineligible
• Most natural feature restoration ineligible

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PA Program

• Standard Projects
• FEMA usually funds 75 to 100 for eligible
  repair/replace to pre-disaster condition
  
• Upgrade to current codes standards
• Non-fed funds the rest
• State managed discretionary

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PA Program

• Standard Projects
• Projects should be consistent with Tribal/Local
  disaster-related Plans (to protect lives
  improved property)
  
• Ideally comprehensive
• All hazards, all spatial temporal scales
• All structures, infrastructure resources
• Few Plans written to guide PA
• Pre-ID EHP pre-approved debris staging,
  reduction disposal sites, access roads,
  etc.
  
• Debris stream segmentation, salvaging, reuse,
  recovery, recycling, etc.

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PA Program

• Improved Projects
• Modify beyond pre-disaster condition
• FEMA usually funds 75 to 100 for eligible
  repair/replace to pre-disaster condition
  
• Non-fed funds improvements
• Stormwater wastewater systems treatment
• Annual Operating Plans
• Wildlife structures under/over structures
  infrastructure

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PA Program

• Alternate Projects
• Other eligible functions, location, facilities
  systems (other than standard or improved)
  
• FEMA usually funds at 90 of usual 75 to 100
  for eligible repair/replace to pre-disaster
  condition
  
• Non-fed funds the rest
• Projects must be cost-effective (protect lives
  improved property)

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PA Program

• Alternate Projects
• Includes land acquisition (buyouts, open space
  uses, often in stream corridors)
  
• Emergency MT HMA demolitions
• Deed restricted in perpetuity
• May include green easements conditions
• Check with State DOT, USACE others in
  case of their future projects, etc.

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PA Program

• Stafford Act Section 406
• PA Hazard Mitigation
• Restore to beyond pre-disaster condition
  upgrades to current codes standards
  
• Applies only to damaged facility/system elements
• Cost-effective measures to protect lives
  improved property

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Hazard Mitigation (MT) Programs

• Stafford Act Section 404 et al.
• Pre-event
• For Public agencies institutions
• Individuals participate through Tribal, State, or
  Local govts.
  
• Eligible projects throughout entire declared state

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Hazard Mitigation (MT) Programs

• Structural
• Structures Infrastructure
• e.g., City of Madison Madison Co. MS SWM
  project
  
• Non-structural
• Land Acquisitions (limited)
• GIS/HAZUS
• Planning
• Training/Exercises/Outreach
• Warning Communications Systems

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MT HMA (5 Grant Programs)

• FEMA usually funds up to 75 of eligible project
  costs, some up to 90
  
• Non-fed funds the rest
• HUD CDBG funds lose Fed ID, may be used as
  non-fed match
  
• More holistic than Section 406 PA HM
• State or FEMA managed discretionary
• Protect lives /or improved property

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Other MT Programs

• Flood Mapping
• SFHAs
• MapMod
• HAZUS
• Modules
• Hurricane
• Evacuations

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Other MT Programs

• National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
• CRS CAVs
• LOMAs, LOMRs CLOMRs
• ABFEs
• EO 11988
• Planning
• Tribal, State Local
• College University
• Enhanced

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FEMA R4 IT/GIS

• Comprehensive FEMA program disaster and
  non-disaster support
  
• Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Federal
  GIS standards
  
• OFA offices
• State EMA EHP agencies
• Data sharing security

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National Preparedness (NP) Programs (12 Programs)

• Pre-event
• For Public agencies et al.
• Structural Non-Structural Facilities
  systems, staffing, equipment, materials,
  vehicles, training, exercises, etc.
  
• National competition

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NP Programs

• Applicant managed
• FEMA HQ administered
• Transitioning to FEMA regions

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NP Programs

• Police Fire (multiple grant programs)
• All emergency communications (ICE)
• Transportation (multiple grant programs air,
  road, bus, rail ports)
  
• Military chemical stockpiles (CSEPP)
• Nuclear power plants (REPP)

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Collaboration

• Question Does your landscape-level Planning
  Team appreciate what they can accomplish by
  re-thinking their audience?
  
• Know FEMA, Tribal, State Local EMAs their
  needs capabilities
  
• Know OFAs Tribal, State Local agencies and
  communities citizens their needs
  capabilities
  
• Be ready with constructive, valuable, timely,
  efficient, effective, user-friendly, customer
  service-oriented support
  
• Demonstrate value to victims, potential victims,
  general public, elected officials, the media, et
  al.

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Collaboration

• Pre-Disaster Activities
• Inventory structures, infrastructure EHP
  resources
  
• Assess hazards, risks, capabilities
  vulnerabilities
  
• ID adverse effects of as-built
  facilities/systems Coherence!

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Collaboration

• Pre-Disaster Activities
• Cost-effective structural non-structural
  options
  
• Affordable, feasible, practicable canned
  projects on shelf, part of Tribal/State/Local
  plans, waiting for future funding opportunities

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Collaboration

• Pre-Disaster Activities
• GIS - Database Layers Tribal/State/Local
  agency, State Regional Planning Commissions,
  academia, et al.
  
• Plans Facilities/systems, evacuations,
  shelters, debris management, land use,
  conservation, rehab/restoration, water quality
  Triage!

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Collaboration

• Pre-Disaster Activities
• Outreach publications, webpages, emails, faxes,
  calls, meetings
  
• Training Exercises.
• Practice, Practice, Practice.
• Keep OFA, Tribal, State, or Local officials
  constantly in the loop

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Collaboration

• Disaster Response Recovery
• Train assign staff to JFO/PC/State EOC/etc.
• Political tact
• Communications
• Analytic skills
• Learning teaching skills
• Thrive under high pressure, change heavy
  workloads

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Collaboration

• Disaster Response Recovery
• Visit sites
• Visit, coordinate collaborate with
  OFA/Tribal/State/Local officials
  
• Listen!
• Address their needs first
• Follow through

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Collaboration

• Disaster Response Recovery
• Plant seeds nurture sprouts
• Empower Tribes, States, Locals persons
• Nice easy. Start slow to finish fast.
• You /or others (e.g., team, OFA/Tribal/State/Loca
  l officials, academia, selected SIGs civic
  groups individuals)
  
• Visits
• Calls, email, faxes mail
• User-friendly 1-page fliers with contact
  information
  
• Make it short, make it fast, makeem want it.
• Whats in it for you ( me)?
• Websites web pages

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Collaboration

• Disaster Response Recovery
• Demonstrate that green gray recovery is
  compatible

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Collaboration

• Disaster Working Units
• ESFs 3, 5, 8, 10, 11 14
• PDA, IMAT ERT Teams
• CR, PIO/PA, CL
• Tailor for region, Tribes States
• Cadre of high caliber leaders
• Collaborative teams
• Integrate subject matter experts/diverse
  disciplines
  
• More efficient work, better informed products

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Summary
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Summary
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Summary
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• FEMA R4 Points of Contact
• RA Phil May 770.220.5224 MajorPhillip.may_at_dhs.go
  v
  
• DRA Mary Lynne Miller 770.220.5216
  MaryLynne.miller_at_dhs.gov
  
• Regional Analyst Steve Denham 770.220.5460
  steven.denham_at_dhs.gov
  
• IA Program Jackie Reginello 770.220.5255
  jackie.reginello_at_dhs.gov
  
• PA Program/Grants Gary Bruey 770.220.5331
  gary.bruey_at_dhs.gov
  
• MT Programs
• Flood Mapping Rob Lowe 770.220.5438
  robert.lowe_at_dhs.gov
  
• Grants Clay Saucier 770.220.5488
  clay.saucier_at_dhs.gov
  
• HAZUS Joe Rachel 770.220.5426
  joseph.rachel_at_dhs.gov
  
• Hurricane Brandon Bolinski 770.220.5430
  brandon.bowlinski_at_dhs.gov
  
• NFIP Susan Wilson 770.220.5414
  susan.wilson_at_dhs.gov
  
• Planning Linda Byers 770.220.5498
  linda.byers_at_dhs.gov
  
• NP Programs/Grants David Vaughan 770.220.3123
  david.vaughan_at_dhs.gov
  
• GIS Program David Lawson 770.220.5504
  david.lawson_at_dhs.gov
  
• EHP Program William Straw 770.220.5432
  william.straw_at_dhs.gov

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