CHOKING

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CHOKING
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• If a person can cough or talk, this means his or
  her airway is only partially blocked.  
• true  

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Choking

• A persons whose airway that is partially blocked
  usually can breathe with difficulty.
• A person whose airway is completely blocked
  cannot breathe at all

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Partially blocked airway

• May be able to get enough air in and out of the
  lungs to cough or to make wheezing sounds.
• The person may also get enough air to speak.

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• If the choking person is coughing forcefully, let
  him/her try to cough up the object.
• A person who is getting enough air to cough or
  speak is getting enough air to breathe.

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• Stay with the person and encourage him or her to
  continue coughing.
• However, if the person continues to cough without
  coughing up the object, have someone call 9-1-1
  or the local emergency number 270-422-4911

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CARE for a CHOKING Emergency

• A person whose airway is completely blocked
  cannot cough, speak or breathe.
• Sometimes the person may cough weakly or make a
  high pitched noise.
• This tells you the person is NOT getting enough
  air to stay alive.

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• AT ONCE If a bystander is available, have that
  person call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number
  while you begin to give care.

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Heimlich Maneuver
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Conscious Choking Adult or Child

• A conscious adult or child who has a completely
  blocked airway needs immediate care.
• A combination of 5 back blows by 5 abdominal
  thrusts provides an effective way to clear the
  airway obstruction.

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Back Blows

• To give back blows, position yourself slightly
  behind the person.
• Provide support by placing on arm diagonally
  across the chest and lean the person forward.

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• Firmly strike the person between the shoulder
  blades with the heel of your other hand.

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Abdominal thrusts to a conscious choking adult or
child

• Stand or kneel behind the person and wrap your
  arms around his or her waist.
• Make a fist with one hand and place thumb side
  against the middle of the persons abdomen, just
  above the navel and well below the lower tip of
  the breastbone.

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• Grab your fist with your other hand and give
  quick, upward thrusts into the abdomen.
• Each back blow and abdominal thrust should be a
  separate and distinct attempt to dislodge the
  obstruction.

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• Continue back blows and abdominal thrusts until
  the object is dislodged and the person can
  breathe or cough forcefully, or becomes
  unconscious.

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Causes and Preventions

• Extensive Internal bleeding
• 2. Extensive External bleeding
• Can cause the person to go into shock

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• The loss of blood leads to low blood volume and
  decreased oxygen supply to the vital organs

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Signs and Symptoms of shock

• Weakness
• Anxiety
• Confusion
• Pale, cold, clammy skin
• Drowsiness
• Unconsciousness

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First Aid

• Maintain normal body temperature place a
  blanket over the person
• Have the person lay down where they are
  comfortable and monitor their ABCs

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• A airway
• Open an unconscious persons airway using the
  head-tilt/chin lift technique
• B breathing
• Look, listen and feel for movement and breathing
  for no more than 10 seconds
• C circulation
• Keep the airway open and give 2 rescue breaths

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• Shock can also be caused by extreme emotion
  (FAINTING)
• Fainting (last 1 2 min.) is the temporary lack
  of blood supply to the brain
• Blood vessels dilate causing blood pressure to
  drop

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Poison Education Information

• Keep all medicines, cleaning products, cosmetics,
  yard chemicals and other potential poisons up and
  out of the reach of children.
• Always read labels before administering medicine
  or using household products.

• Protect your pets from poisons.
• Never remove poisons from their original
  container.
• Use child-resistant packaging whenever possible.

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• Do not give anything to eat or drink including
  syrup of ipecac unless directed by the Poison
  Center HOTLINE.
• If vomiting occurs, do not discard.

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Caring for Burns

• Check the scene for safety
• Stop the burning by removing the person from the
  source of the burn
• 3. Check for life-threatening conditions

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• Cool the burn with large amounts of cold running
  water
• Cover the burn loosely with a sterile dressing

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• 6. Prevent infection
• 7. Take steps to minimize shock Keep the
  person from getting chilled or overheated
• 8.Comfort and reassure the person.

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DO NOT

• 2. Touch a burn with anything except a clean
  covering.
• 3. Remove pieces of clothing that stick to the
  burned area..
• 4. Try to clean a severe burn

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Allergic reactions

• Definition
• Allergic reactions are sensitivities to a
  specific substance, called an allergen, that is
  contacted through the skin, inhaled into the
  lungs, swallowed, or injected.

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Considerations

• Allergic reactions are not uncommon. In fact, the
  immune response that causes an allergic reaction
  is similar to that which causes hayfever. Most
  reactions happen soon after contact with an
  allergen.
• Many allergic reactions are mild and can be
  treated at home, while others can be severe and
  life-threatening. They often occur more
  frequently in people with a family history of
  allergies.

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• Substances that don't bother most of us (such as
  venom from bee stings and various foods,
  medications, and pollens) can trigger allergic
  reactions in some people.
• While first-time exposure may only produce a mild
  reaction, repeated exposures may lead to more
  serious reactions. Once a person is sensitized
  (has had a previous sensitivity reaction), even a
  very limited exposure to a very small amount of
  allergen can trigger a severe reaction.
• Allergic reactions vary. They can be mild or
  serious. They can be confined to a small area of
  the body or may affect the entire body.

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• Most occur within seconds or minutes after
  exposure to the allergen, but some can occur
  after several hours, particularly if the allergen
  causes a reaction after it is partially digested.
  In very rare cases, reactions develop after 24
  hours.
• Anaphylaxis is a sudden and severe allergic
  reaction that occurs within minutes of exposure,
  PROGRESSES RAPIDLY and can lead to anaphylactic
  shock and death within 15 minutes if medical
  intervention is not obtained

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• Common allergens include
• Plants
• Pollens
• Animal dander
• Bee stings or stings from other insects
• Insect bites
• Medications
• Foods, especially nuts and shellfish

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• Allergic reaction is a sensitivity to a specific
  substance, called an allergen, that is contacted
  through the skin, inhaled into the lungs,
  swallowed or injected. The body's reaction to an
  allergen can be mild, such as a localized rash,
  or life-threatening, such as anaphalactic shock.

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Shock

• Definition
• Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs
  when the body is not getting enough blood flow.
  This can damage multiple organs. Shock requires
  IMMEDIATE medical treatment and can get worse
  very rapidly.

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Major classes of shock include

• Cardiogenic shock (associated with heart
  problems)
• Hypovolemic shock (caused by inadequate blood
  volume)

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• Anaphylactic shock (caused by allergic reaction)
• Septic shock (associated with infections)
• Neurogenic shock (caused by damage to the nervous
  system)

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Causes

• Shock can be caused by any condition that reduces
  blood flow, including
• Heart problems (such as heart attack or heart
  failure)
• Low blood volume (as with heavy bleeding or
  dehydration)

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• Changes in blood vessels (as with infection or
  severe allergic reactions)
• Shock is often associated with heavy external or
  internal bleeding from a serious injury. Spinal
  injuries can also cause shock.
• Toxic Shock Syndrome is an example of a type of
  shock from an infection.

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Controlling External BLEEDING

• Step 1
• Check the scene, then Check the person
• Step 2 PUT GLOVES ON HANDS
• Obtain Consent

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• Step 4
• Lay the victim down.
• Apply direct pressure until bleeding stops.
• Step 5
• Cover wound with a dressing/bandage.

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• Step 6
• If bleeding does not stop-
• Apply additional dressings and bandages
• Take steps to minimize shock
• Call 9-11 if not already dont.

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• WASH Hands with soap and water after giving
  care!!!