The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector

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The role of community organizations and NGOs in
the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana
Treasurer, Bio Energy Association of Sri
Lanka Program Coordinator, Energy Forum
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The NGOs and the Community Based organizations
(CBOs) play a vital role in the energy sector in
Sri Lanka

• For incorporating social and environmental
  concerns in electricity generation planning
• For providing energy services to the off-grid
  communities

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Grid Electricity

• Conduct protest campaigns against certain
  energy sector development projects

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GENERATION FORECAST 2001 - 2021
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Fuel Requirement
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The fate of the first coal power plant in Sri
Lanka
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Is it destructive? Indirectly contributing
to create more opportunities to renewables
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Anything beyond that?
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As there is no adequate opportunity to present
their views some parties act against the proper
implementation of an energy plan. Energy
planning should integrate financial, social and
environment concerns believing that least-cost
energy production and protecting environmental
and community social systems is in the countrys
best interest.
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Role played by the BEASL Studies, Lobbying
process Pilot projects BEASL estimated
targets In the year 2010 dendro could Generate
5752.5 GWH of electrical energy (50 of the total
Sri Lanka energy requirement) Generate an
additional annual income of Rs. 90,000 each, for
60,000 farming families Save Rs. 46 Billion of
foreign currency Grow an additional forest/tree
cover of 176,630 Ha for Sri Lanka
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• Role played by the Energy Forum
• Study on Incorporating Social and
  Environmental concerns in Long term electricity
  generation expansion planning
• Feasibility Study of an out grower system
• Capacity Building for providing micro
  financing to get grid connections

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• Role played by the Energy Forum
• Study on Incorporating Social and
  Environmental concerns in Long term electricity
  generation expansion planning
• WASP 3 is the software currently being used by
  the Ceylon Electricity Board for electricity
  generation expansion planning. WASP3, as a part
  of ELECTRIC module of ENPEP (Energy and Power
  Evaluation Programme), is not a tool to quantify
  environmental impacts of LTEGP or cost them.
• There are several other software tools available
  (in addition to WASP 3) to fulfill different
  tasks in studying environmental impacts of
  electricity production, as well as energy
  production in general.

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• Feasibility Study for an out grower system
  for a dendro power plant
• Badulla District Meegahakivula and Soranatota
  DS Divisions
• Land extent of the average farmer is 1 ha
• The average number of trees currently available
  per farmer family is 2000 trees
• If there is an established market for sticks then
  the farmers are willing of growing at least 3,000
  more trees in the same land area.
• The income of 70 of the farmers was below Rs.
  24,000 per annum.
• A farmer having a 1 ha land can expect an average
  income of Rs. 16,000 to 24,000 annually from his
  existing Gliricidia trees
• He can increase his income to Rs. 40,000 - 60,000
  if he plants additional 3,000 plants in the same
  land area.
• Farmers who have over 10 acres of land are
  reluctant to establish energy plantations due to
  prevailing high labour costs.

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• Feasibility Study for an out grower system
• Badulla District Meegahakivula and Soranatota DS
  Divisions
• Findings
• A 2 MW Dendro power plant in the Meegahakivula DS
  Division with the existing Gliricidia trees.
• Currently available trees in both DS Divisions
  can supply fuel wood to run a 3 MW Dendro power
  plant.
• With the introduction of proper energy
  plantations to the selected area - power plant up
  to 11 MW.
• The potential land area in the Rideemaliyadda DS
  is roughly 4 times that of Meegahakivula.

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Community agro forestry Location District
Badulla DS Division Soranatota GN Division
Boliyadda Land Extent to be cultivated 50
Ha Number of Farmers involved 100 Land extent
per block of a farmer 0.5 Ha Number of timber
plants provided by the forest department for a
block 500 Timber species selected for the
plantation Teak Total number of timber plants
provided for the forestry project
50,000 Proposed number of Gliricidia trees per
block 3,000 Total number Gliricidia trees
required for the forestry project
300,000 Plantation pattern Space between two
Teak plant rows 5m Space between two Teak
plants 2m Number of Gliricidia rows between
two Teak rows 3 Space between a Gliricidia row
and a Teak row 1.5m Space between two
Gliricidia rows 1m Space between two
Gliricidia trees 1m
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• The Energy Situation in Sri Lanka

Still 1.5 - 2 million households will not have
access to grid electricity
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A study conducted by the Energy Forum reveals
that - having electricity for domestic lighting
during 7.00 pm - 10.00 pm and for viewing a TV is
a principal requirement - there is no direct
relationship between energy supply and poverty
reduction. - to achieve poverty reduction, a
special effort has to be made to integrate energy
and economic development initiatives.
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• Off-grid Technologies Available

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The approximate cost comparison Installation
costs Micro-hydro US 2000 per 1kW
Dendro US 3500 per 1kW Bio-gas US
3500 per 1kW Wind US 6000
per 1kW Solar PV US 10,000 per 1kW
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Micro-hydro The Federation of Electricity
Consumer Societies (FECS) takes steps - to
coordinate after sales services required for
micro hydro schemes - to incorporate economic
development activities in stand-alone village
hydro schemes and to develop appropriate
implementation mechanisms.
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Off-grid dendro potential survey off-grid dendro
potential identified that almost all the dry-zone
off-grid villages in Sri Lanka have enough
sparsely used croplands that can be effectively
used to establish energy plantations for
supplying fuel-wood to generate electricity for
the consumption of off-grid households. For this
analysis, EF used only scrubland, grassland, and
chena.
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Dendro Power
Project Parameters No of households Planned
- 100 Currently connected - 58 Total
h/h requirements - 25 kW Operation hours per
day - 6 hours (4.45 a.m. to 6.45 a.m. 6.30
p.m. to10.30 p.m.) Fuel wood species -
Gliricidia Sepium Fuel wood requirement - 60kg/
hr Fuel wood supplying area (Existing
Plantations) - 2 km radius
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Running Cost Cost for the month Operating hours
- 6 hours Fuel wood - Rs. 16,875 Diesel (3Lts
/ hr) - Rs. 4,000 Wages - Operator Helper -
Rs. 15,625 Maintenance fund - Rs.
5,000 Society - Rs. 1,000 Total - Rs.
42,500
Fuel wood Monthly Electricity bill per
household - Rs. 500 Price of fuel wood at Farm
gate - Rs. 200/ m3 Rs. 1/ kg Price of fuel
wood at Power house gate - Rs. 375/m3 Rs
1.88/kg Monthly payment for fuel wood
transportation - Rs. 7,875 Average income per
household for supplying fuel wood - Rs. 106
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Dendro Power
- A privately owned power plant and plantation -
A cooperative type power plant, with fuel wood
purchased from identified suppliers - An exchange
system, where community members exchange fuel
wood for electricity
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The off-grid energy sectors great leap forward
during the recent years is mainly due to
formidable partnerships among Private-Public-Civil
Society institutions.
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The strengths and contributions of each sector
are The Private sector To provide
technology To provide energy services for a
fee To provide after sale services for a fee
(Service Companies) The Public Institutions
To develop a master plan incorporating grid
extension and off-grid ET To link potential end
users with civil society organisations and
private sector To establish one stop shop for
clearances To monitor the after sale services
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The strengths and contributions of each sector
are The Civil Society To provide
micro-financing To mobilise the community and
organise the end users To conduct Research and
Development To monitor the after sale services
Lobbing for better policy environment
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• ESDP and REREDP
• Original proposal was to implement the project
  through the Government owned utility - Ceylon
  Electricity Board.
• With the interventions made by the EF it became
  a private sector driven project
• There were certain developments made to get the
  participation of the CSOs and Public
  institutions

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• ESDP and REREDP
• The developments made to the original project
  include
• Sarvodaya SEEDS qualifying as a Participatory
  Credit Institution (Civil Society Involvement)
• Contributions from Provincial Councils (Public
  Sector Involvement)
• NGO activists qualifying as Village Hydro Schemes
  developers (Civil Society Involvement)
• Establishment of Federation of Electricity
  Consumer Societies (Civil Society Involvement)

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The Renewable Energy for Rural Economic
Development Project (RERED) It is to provide
off-grid Energy technologies to 100,000
households However this will be providing
electricity to only 7-10 of the off-grid
households