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Chapter Menu
Introduction Section 1 The Economy Section
2People and Their Environment Summary
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Chapter Intro 1
Geography and the environment play an important
role in how a society is shaped over time. The
physical geography of the United States and
Canada has shaped economic activities, which in
turn have impacted the regions environment.
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Chapter Intro 2
Section 1 The Economy
How have the economies of the United States and
Canada grown and changed according to where and
how people live?
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Chapter Intro 3
Section 2 People and Their Environment
How have human actions modified the environment
in the United States and Canada?
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Chapter Preview-End
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Section 1-GTR
The Economy
How have the economies of the United States and
Canada grown and changed according to where and
how people live?
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Section 1-GTR
The Economy

• market economy

• arable
• monopoly
• global economy
• trade deficit
• tariff
• trade surplus
• outsourcing

• postindustrial
• central business district
• retooling
• commodity

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Section 1-GTR
The Economy

• decline

• domestic
• monitoring

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Section 1-GTR
The Economy
A. Silicon Valley
B. Manufacturing Belt
C. Wheat Belt
D. Corn Belt
E. Ohio River
F. Trans-Canada Highway
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Section 1
The Economy
The United States and Canada operate under what
type of economy? A. Command economy B. Market
economy C. Traditional economy

1. A
2. B
3. C

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Section 1
Economic Activities
The United States and Canada have market
economies based on growing service and high-tech
industries, as well as on manufacturing and
agriculture.

• Both the U.S. and Canada are developing
  post-industrial economies.

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Section 1
Economic Activities (cont.)

• The largest area of economic growth in both
  places is in service industries

• Government
• Education
• Health care
• Banking

• Manufacturing accounts for about 20 of both the
  U.S. and Canadian economies.

The Changing U.S. Workplace
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Section 1
Economic Activities (cont.)

• Farming in the U.S. and Canada is overwhelmingly
  commercial, with agricultural commodities
  produced for sale.

• The number of farmers has decreased due to

• The high cost of farming
• Unpredictable consumer demand
• The risk of natural disasters
• The time and hard work needed to run a farm

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Section 1
Economic Activities (cont.)

• Key products

• Cattle
• Wheat
• Corn

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Section 1
A significant amount of the regions
manufacturing activities include which type of
products? A. Transportation equipment and
machinery B. Computers and other technological
devices C. Building materials D. Tools and
hardware

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 1
Transportation and Communications
People in the United States and Canada depend on
reliable and continually improving transportation
and communications systems.

• Reliable transportation and communication systems
  are essential due to
• The large land area of both countries
• Their population distribution
• Their need to move goods and services

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Section 1
Transportation and Communications (cont.)

• The automobile has been the most popular means of
  personal transportation since WWII.

• Problems due to the automobile

• Air pollution
• Traffic congestion

The U.S. Interstate Highway System
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Section 1
Transportation and Communications (cont.)

• Other means of transportation

• Air travel
• Railroads
• Ships/barges (inland waterways)
• Trucks
• Pipelines (gas and oil)

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Section 1
Transportation and Communications (cont.)

• Communication networks

• Cellular and digital services
• Television
• Radio
• Newspapers and magazines

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Section 1
Which type of transportation is used to move the
most goods? A. Railroads B. Ships/barges C. Trucks
D. Airplanes

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 1
Trade and Interdependence
The United States and Canada are connected to
other countries through trade and in facing the
challenges of global terrorism and building a
more peaceful world.

• The U.S. spends more on imports than it earns
  from exports, resulting in a trade deficit.
  However, Canada enjoys a trade surplus.

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Section 1
Trade and Interdependence (cont.)

• In 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement
  was signed (NAFTA), including the U.S., Canada,
  and Mexico.

• After September 11, 2001, the U.S. and Canada
  created the Smart Border action plan to enhance
  border security.

U.S.- Canadian Interdependence
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Section 1
Why does Canada have a trade surplus instead of
deficit? A. Better government management B. Less
tariffs C. Smaller population D. Outsourcing

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 1-End
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Section 2-GTR
People and Their Environment
How have human actions modified the environment
in the United States and Canada?
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Section 2-GTR
People and Their Environment

• clear-cutting

• smog
• eutrophication

• overfishing
• acid rain

• conversion

• cooperative

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Section 2-GTR
People and Their Environment
A. New Orleans
B. Rio Grande
C. Alaska
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Section 2
People and Their Environment
Large parts of eastern Canada still suffer from
the effects of what brought on by the United
States? A. Smog B. Acid rain C. Eutrophication

1. A
2. B
3. C

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Section 2
Managing Resources
People in the United States and Canada are
evaluating the negative effects of human activity
on the environment and realizing the importance
of managing natural resources wisely.

• Ways that the natural resources of the U.S. and
  Canada have been mismanaged
• Clear-cutting
• Overfishing

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Section 2
Managing Resources (cont.)

• Hunting and driving away wildlife

• The introduction of non-native plant and animal
  species to certain areas
• Destruction of wetlands

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Section 2
What environmental issue are you most concerned
about? A. Polluted air B. Polluted
water C. Polluted land

1. A
2. B
3. C

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Section 2
Human Impact
Human-made pollution has damaged the regions
environment in various ways, leading people to
actively seek solutions to the problem.

• Human-made pollution
• Acid rain
• Smog
• Sewage and industrial/agricultural wastes
  leaking into water

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Section 2
Human Impact (cont.)

• Reversing the effects of pollution

• The U.S. and Canada signed the Great Lakes Water
  Quality Agreement
• The U.S. passed the Clean Water Act

Energy Benefits and Drawbacks
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Section 2
Are there any ways that your community tries to
reduce pollution? A. City ordinances or
fines B. Alternative energies encouraged
C. Construction of green homes or businesses

1. A
2. B
3. C

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Section 2
Future Challenges
Responding to global warming and developing
clean, efficient, renewable energy sources are
challenges for the future of the region.

• The effects of global warming can be seen in the
  Arctic regions of Alaska and Canada.
• The U.S. and Canada are working to diversify
  energy sources to lessen the dependency on fossil
  fuels.

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Section 2
Which of the following factors do you think is
most important when deciding on alternative
energy sources? A. Dependability B. Efficiency C.
Cost D. Availability

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 2-End
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VS 1
Changing Economies
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VS 2
Environmental Crisis?

• The United States and Canada have mismanaged
  resources in the past.
• Pollutants were released into the air that have
  since caused acid rain, smog, and water
  pollution.
• New technologies, alternative energy sources, and
  stricter environmental standards are some of the
  ways the United States and Canada are repairing
  the environment.

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VS-End
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Figure 1
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Figure 2
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Figure 3
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Figure 4
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DFS Trans 1
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DFS Trans 2
sulfur dioxide gas and water vapor
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Vocab1
market economy an economic system based on free
enterprise, in which businesses are privately
owned, and production and prices are determined
by supply and demand
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Vocab2
postindustrial an economy with less emphasis on
heavy industry and manufacturing and more
emphasis on services and technology
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Vocab3
central business district the traditional
business and commercial center of a city or town,
sometimes referred to as downtown
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Vocab4
retooling converting old factories for use in new
industries
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Vocab5
commodity goods produced for sale
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Vocab6
arable suitable for growing crops
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Vocab7
monopoly total control of a type of industry by
one person or one company
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Vocab8
global economy the merging of resource management
systems in which countries are interconnected and
dependent on one another for goods and services
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Vocab9
trade deficits spending more money on imports
than earning from exports
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Vocab10
tariff a tax on imports or exports
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Vocab11
trade surplus earning more money from export
sales than spending for imports
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Vocab12
outsourcing the practice of subcontracting
manufacturing work to outside companies,
especially foreign or nonunion companies
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Vocab13
clear-cutting the removal of all trees in a stand
of timber
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Vocab14
overfishing harvesting fish to the extent that
certain species are depleted and the fishing area
made less valuable
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Vocab15
acid rain precipitation carrying large amounts of
dissolved acids which damages buildings, forests,
and crops, and kills wildlife
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Vocab16
smog haze caused by the interaction of
ultraviolet solar radiation with chemical fumes
from automobile exhausts and other pollution
sources
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Vocab17
eutrophication process by which a body of water
becomes too rich in dissolved nutrients, leading
to plant growth that depletes oxygen
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