The Life and Death of Bacteria

1
The Life and Death of Bacteria

• Kelly L. Shipley

2
Funding and support received from
3
Todays Agenda

• Introduction
• Safety
• The Life and Death of Bacteria
• Basic Practice Techniques
• Surveying Different Kinds of Media
• Closing

4
Introduction

• All living things contain cells
• Eukaryotes cells with membrane-bound organelles
• Prokaryotes cells with no membrane-bound
  organelles

5
The Boring (Yawn!!) Eukaryotic Plant and Animal
Cells
6
The Exciting Bacterial Cell
7
What are Bacteria?

• Bacteria are prokaryotes, meaning they are only
  ONE celled organisms, with no membrane-bound
  organelles. They are very small and can be
  harmful or beneficial.

8
Follow along

• You have a picture of a bacterial cell at your
  desk.
• Follow along with the following diagram, making
  sure you understand what each structure is and
  how it works.

9
Bacterial Cell Components
10
How big are bacteria?

• How many bacteria will fit on the head of a
  pencil, like the one you use every day??

11

• 10 MILLION bacteria could fit onto the tip of
  that one pencil!!

12
Bacteria can replicate easily

• To grow, bacteria divide and divide and divide
  again.
• Problem If you started with only 1 bacteria
  cell, and it divided 11 times, how many bacteria
  would you then have??

13
Bacteria are everywhere

• Dont panic!!
• This is a good thing.
• Bacteria are part of our lives, our ecosystem and
  our habitat!

14
Bacteria come in many different shapes and
sizestake a quick look
15
Bacteria can cause diseases, like we all know
16
Bacteria can also have beneficial uses
17
As well as those beneficial uses

• There are many bacteria which humans need every
  day.
• They live on us and in us and we NEED them!!!
• They are called our NORMAL FLORA

18
Normal flora

• Flora microorganisms that are
• usually found associated with
• healthy body tissue
• What does that mean?
• Normal flora are bacteria which our body needs
  and play a good role to help us stay healthy.

19
Lets look at the different areas flora live

• and then we will test them!!

20
Normal flora of the skin

• Skin is considered a harsh environment for
  bacteria, why?
• Bacteria like the areas of the skin which are
  moist underarms, sweat glands etc.
• Most are not harmful, but Acne
• Ie Staphylococcus, Propionibacterium acnes,

21
Normal flora of the oral cavity

• Streptococcus is a normal bacteria in your mouth
• Other bacteria are also present that turn sugars
  into acids and cause dental plaque, cavities and
  decay
• Brushing our teeth allows the normal flora to
  grow without build-up of other bacteria!!

22
Normal flora of the GI tract

• The GI tract is the stomach, small intestine and
  large intestine.
• Several different types of bacteria live in the
  GI tract and aid in digestion, movement of waste
  and absorption.
• Ie E. coli, Clostridium, Enterococcus faecalis,

23
Normal flora of the Urogenital Tract

• Urethra (tube from which you urinate) have normal
  microorganisms present, but they can become
  opportunistic when there is a change in the
  environment and causing infection
• Bladder and reproductive organs should always be
  sterile
• i.e lactobacillus

24
Normal flora of the Respiratory Tract

• Upper oral cavity and throat microorganisms
  live in the areas around mucous membranes
• Ie Staph, Strept, and some gram negative
• Lower trachea, bronchi and lungs should ALWAYS
  be sterile, if not pneumonia

25
Lab InformationPay Attention

• The following is an introduction to some of the
  media we will be using today
• Pay attention!!

26
Different Kinds of Media

• We grow bacteria on different types of media.
• Media means an environment inside a Petri dish
  that has certain characteristics
• We will go over the types of media we are using
  today

27
MacConkey Agar Media

• MacConkey is specifically designed to help
  bacteria that live in the gut grow
• Gram Negative bacteria
• Grows pink, purple and white colored colonies

28
Mannitol Salt Media

• Mannitol Salt is specifically designed to help
  bacteria normally living on the skin to grow.
• Gram Positive bacteria
• Yellow skin organisms present
• No change no skin organisms present

29
Nutrient Agar Media

• Nutrient media is NOT selective (G and G-)
• This means that most all bacteria LOVE to eat
  nutrient agar
• It is the most common media, and we will be using
  it A LOT!!

30
Now, lets move on to our lab protocol.

• We will be surveying different places where the
  different skin and gut bacteria grow
• Where would be some good places to find either?
• Where are some places to find them, where they
  really SHOULDNT be?