Ocean Life

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Ocean Life

• http//jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/thumbs/APalmataFir
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• By Carlos Ortega and Michael Feder

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Ocean Chemistry

• Organisms help maintain a balance of chemical
  substances
• Organisms near the surface get most of there food
  from sunlight
• Organisms on the sea floor get nutrients from
  materials which fall from above
• Upwelling allows nutrients from the bottom to
  return to the surface

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Sunlight and Marine Life

• Floating organisms called plankton get most of
  there energy from light at the surface
• Phytoplankton are free-floating plants that are
  eaten by free floating animals called zooplankton
• Nekton are animals that swim on there own such as
  fish
• Benthos are like plankton but instead of floating
  on the surface they float on the seafloor

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Ocean Environments

• Oceanic environments are two general
  environments, benthic or the seafloor, and
  pelagic or the open water

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Benthic Zones

• Intertidal zone -benthic zone that lies between
  the low tide and high tide lines
• Sublittoral zone -continuously submerged zone
  located on the continental shelves
• Bathyal zone -begins at the continental slope and
  extends depth of 4000 meters
• Abyssal zone -begins where the bathyal zone ends
  and extends to a depth of 6000 meters and
  receives no light
• Hadal zone -ocean trenches

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Pelagic Zones

• Neritic zone a pelagic zone that resides above
  the continental shelf, it also has low pressure
  and moderate temperature and is ideal for marine
  life
• Oceanic zone the pelagic zone that extends to
  deep ocean water beyond the continental shelf
• The oceanic zone is divided into 4 different
  zones from top to bottom the epipelagic zone,
  which gets the most sunlight, mesopelagic,
  bathypeligic, and abyssopelagic zones occur at
  increasing depths

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Section 21.2 Vocabulary

• Upwelling -process in which surface water moves
  farther out into the ocean and deep water moves
  upward to the surface water
• Plankton -free floating, microscopic ocean plants
  and animals
• Phytoplankton microscopic ocean plants
• Zooplankton -animal that float near the ocean
  surface and usually dont move on there own
• Nekton -animals that swim on there own
• Benthos -animals that sit on the ocean floor and
  dont move on there own

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Vocabulary Continued

• Benthic environment -the general seafloor
  environment
• Pelagic environment -the general ocean
  environment
• Intertidal zone -benthic zone that lies between
  the low tide and high tide lines
• Sublittoral zone -continuously submerged zone
  located on the continental shelves
• Bathyal zone -begins at the continental slope and
  extends depth of 4000 meters
• Abyssal zone -begins where the bathyal zone ends
  and extends to a depth of 6000 meters and
  receives no light

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Vocabulary Continued

• Hadal zone -ocean trenches
• Neritic zone a pelagic zone that resides above
  the continental shelf
• Oceanic zone the pelagic zone that extends to
  deep ocean water beyond the continental shelf

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Ocean Resources
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Fresh Water From The Ocean

• Many people look to the ocean to supply the
  increasing need for fresh water
• Distillation is a method of extracting fresh
  water from salt water
• One form of distillation is to boil sea water and
  collect the steam and condense it into fresh
  water
• Another method is to freeze sea water and collect
  the ice which contains no salt while the unfrozen
  water collects all the salt
• Third way of distillation is reverse osmosis
  which is forcing water through a membrane which
  filters out salt

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Food From The Ocean

• Many of our foods are supplied from the ocean
  this supply of food is slowly diminishing
• In order to counter this problem many
  aquacultures are used today
• Aquacultures are farms for raising marine animals
  and plants as food

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Other Facts

• Currently pollution is an increasing problem in
  today's oceans because of the increasing
  population
• There are mineral deposits in the ocean called
  nodules, these nodules are rich in valuable
  minerals because they only exist at very deep sea
  levels, they cant be mind profitably
• So far the only substance thats mined from the
  ocean is oil

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Vocabulary

• Distillation extracting fresh water from salt
  water
• Aquaculture farms for raising marine animals
  and plants as food

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