Life in the Oceans & Ocean Resources

1
Life in the Oceans Ocean Resources
2
Ocean Chemistry and Marine Life

• Marine organisms depend on
• two major factors
• for survival.
• Nutrients in
• ocean water
• Sunlight

3
Ocean Chemistry and Marine Life

• Marine organisms maintain chemical balance of
  ocean water by
• removing nutrients and gases from the ocean
• returning gases and nutrients to the ocean

4
Upwelling

• Deep water is a storage area for nutrients needed
  for life, BUT, most marine organisms live near
  surface, so
• Nutrients must return to surface through process
  of upwelling.
• Upwelling movement of deep, cold, and
  nutrient-rich water to the surface.

5
Upwelling
6
Marine Food Webs

• Most organisms live in upper 100 m of water.
• Plankton free-floating, microscopic plants and
  animals are base of complex food web.
• Consumed by nekton and benthos.
• Nekton all organisms that swim actively in open
  water
• Benthos organisms that live on the ocean floor

7
Plankton
8
Larger marine animals

• Nekton all organisms that swim actively in open
  water
• E.g. fish, dolphins, squid
• Benthos organisms that live on the ocean floor
• E.g. oysters, sea stars, and crabs

9
Nekton
10
Benthos
11
Ocean environments

• Two basic environments
• Benthic zone bottom region of oceans and bodies
  of fresh water
• Palegic zone regions of an ocean or body of
  fresh water above the benthic zone

12
Ocean zones
13
Benthic zones

• Intertidal
• Sublittoral zone
• Bathyal zone
• Abyssal zone
• Hadal zone

14
Palegic Zones

• Zone above the benthic zone
• Neritic zone
• Oceanic zone
• Divided into four zones

15
Ocean Resources

• Increase freshwater supply by desalination- the
  extraction of fresh water from salt water.
• Methods of desalination
• Distillation
• Freezing
• Reverse Osmosis deslination

16
The Jubail desalination plant in Saudi Arabia is
the largest in the world. The plant produces800
million gallons per day, while generating 5,000
megawatts of power. Fresh water is a vital
environmental resource in the Middle East.
17
Mineral and Energy Resources

• Petroleum
• Found beneath sea floor
• ¼ of Earths oil extracted from offshore wells
• Trace Minerals
• Mg and BrBut to extract is too costly
• Nodules
• Source of manganese, iron, copper, nickel,
  cobalt, and phosphatesbut recovery difficult and
  expensive

18
(No Transcript)
19
Food from the Ocean

• Seafoodimportant source of protein
• Harvested from
• Fishingimportant industry
• but must manage to prevent
• over-harvesting
• Aquaculturethe raising
• of aquatic plants and
• animals for human use or
• consumption.

20
(No Transcript)
21
Ocean-Water Pollution

• Grown worse
• with growth of
• world population
• and increased
• use of more-toxic
• substances.

22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
Productive coastal areas and beaches are in
greatest danger because they are closest to the
source

• Beach damaged
  by oil pollution

25
Filthy Facts website

• http//www.peopleandplanet.net/doc.php?id411