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Splash Screen
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Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction Section 1 Interpersonal
Attraction Section 2 Social Perception Section
3 Personal Relationships
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Chapter Preview 1
Chapter Objectives Section 1
Interpersonal Attraction
Explain how we depend on others to survive and
the factors that influence our attractions to
others.
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Chapter Preview 2
Chapter Objectives Section 2
Social Perception
Describe the ways in which we explain the
behavior of others by making judgments about them
based on our perceptions of them.
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Chapter Preview 3
Chapter Objectives Section 3
Personal Relationships
Explore the different types of love and
relationships people experience throughout their
lives.
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Chapter Preview-End
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Section 1-Main Idea
Main Idea
We depend on others to survive. We are attracted
to certain people because of factors such as
proximity, reward values, physical appearance,
approval, similarity, and complementarity.
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Section 1-Key Terms
Vocabulary

• social psychology
• social cognition
• physical proximity
• stimulation value
• utility value
• ego-support value

• complementarity

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Section 1-Objectives
Objectives

• Discuss why we need friends.

• List and explain the factors involved in choosing
  friends.

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Section 1-Polling Question
How important is your social circle in your
life? A. Extremely important B. Kind of
important C. Not really important

1. A
2. B
3. C

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Section 1
Why You Need Friends

• Social psychology

• Social cognition
• Being around other humans is a habit that we
  acquire beginning at birth.
• Social psychologist have found that we need
  company most when we are afraid or anxious, and
  we also need company when we are unsure of
  ourselves and want to compare our feelings with
  other peoples.

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Section 1
Why You Need Friends (cont.)

• Many individuals use the performance of others as
  a basis for self-evaluation.

• Friendship also offers support in trying times.

Schachters Results
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Section 1
Do you ever hug your friends? A. Yes
B. No C. Sometimes

1. A
2. B
3. C

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Section 1
How You Choose Friends

• Factors in friend-choice

• Physical proximitythe distance from one another
  that people live or work is one of the most
  important factors in determining whether two
  people will become friends.

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Section 1
How You Choose Friends (cont.)

• Rewards values are another reason people become
  friends

• Stimulation value
• Utility value
• Ego-support value

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Section 1
How You Choose Friends (cont.)

• Physical appearancepeople tend to hold more
  positive views of physically attractive people
  than those people who are not attractive.

• Approvalwe choose friends who agree with and
  support usthey provide ego-support value.

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Section 1
How You Choose Friends (cont.)

• Similaritywe tend to choose friends whose
  backgrounds, attitudes, and interests are similar
  to our own.

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Section 1
How You Choose Friends (cont.)

• Reasons we choose friends

• Agreement about what is stimulating, worthwhile,
  or fun provides the basis for sharing activities.
• Most of us feel uneasy around people who are
  constantly challenging our views.
• People who agree about things usually find it
  easier to communicate with each other.

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Section 1
How You Choose Friends (cont.)

• Some people do choose friends or mates who are
  complementarity

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Section 1
What is the ability of a person to provide
another person with sympathy, encouragement, and
approval? A. Physical proximity B. Stimulation
value C. Utility value D. Ego-support value

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 1-End
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Section 2-Main Idea
Main Idea
We explain the behavior of others by making
judgments about them. Our judgments are
influenced by our perceptions of others.
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Section 2-Key Terms
Vocabulary

• primacy effect
• stereotype
• attribution theory
• fundamental attribution error
• actor-observer bias
• self-serving bias

• nonverbal communication

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Section 2-Objectives
Objectives

• Explain how we use first impressions and schemas.

• Describe several factors that influence how we
  interpret others behavior.

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Section 2-Polling Question
Do you feel that first impressions shape your
future view of a person? A. Yes B. No

1. A
2. B

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Section 2
First Impressions

• Primacy effect

• First impressions sometimes become a
  self-fulfilling prophecy.

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Section 2
First Impressions (cont.)

• A schema is the knowledge or set of assumptions
  that we develop about any person or event.

• Schemas allow us to organize information and
  predict behavior so that we can respond
  appropriately in social situations.
• Schemas can influence and distort our thoughts,
  perceptions, and behaviors.
• We also form schemas about events.

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Section 2
First Impressions (cont.)

• Stereotype

• They can be negative or positive, and should be
  modified by experience.

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Section 2
Have you ever been guilty of stereotyping someone
and found that you were wrong? A. Yes B. No

1. A
2. B

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Section 2
Attribution Theory

• Attribution theory

• Internal attributions (dispositional)personal
  characteristics.
• External attributions (situational)acting in
  response to a situation.

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Section 2
Attribution Theory (cont.)

• Fundamental attribution error

• Actor-observer bias
• Self-serving bias

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Section 2
What is a tendency to claim success is due to our
efforts, while failure is due to circumstances
beyond our control? A. Fundamental
attribution error B. Actor-observer
bias C. self-serving bias D. Attribution theory

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 2
Nonverbal Communication

• Nonverbal communication

• Many of the gestures we make and postures we
  adopt are governed by very subtle social rules.

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Section 2
Which is a nonverbal communication? A. Winking at
someone B. Sneezing C. Talking with
someone D. None of the above

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 2-End
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Section 3-Main Idea
Main Idea
People experience different types of love and
relationships throughout their lives.
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Section 3-Key Terms
Vocabulary

• generational identity

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Section 3-Objectives
Objectives

• Describe sources of parent-adolescent conflict.

• Describe different types of love.

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Section 3-Polling Question
How many children do you plan to
have? A. 0 B. 12 C. 34 D. 5 or more

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 3
Parent-Child Relationships

• Erik Erikson believed that parent-child
  relationships could influence peoples later
  adult expectations about their relationships with
  the significant people in their lives.

• Parents also provide the first model of a marital
  relationship.
• Parent-child conflict may develop during
  adolescence.

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Section 3
Parent-Child Relationships (cont.)

• Causes

• Generational identity
• Changes in both the parent and child over the
  years.
• The parent and child have different ideologies
  and concerns.

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Section 3
Do you have different viewpoints than your
parents? A. Almost always B. Sometimes C. Not
very often

1. A
2. B
3. C

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Section 3
Love Relationships

• Two common types of love

• Passionate loveintense, sensual, and
  all-consuming love.
• Companionate lovefriendship, liking someone,
  mutual trusting, and wanting to be with him or
  her.

Sigmund Freud
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Section 3
Love Relationships (cont.)

• Liking is based primarily on respect for another
  person and the feeling that he or she is similar
  to you.

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Section 3
Love Relationships (cont.)

• Zick Rubin identified three major components of
  romantic love

• Needa longing, hunger for that other person.
• Caringthe desire to give.
• Intimacyspecial knowledge of each other derived
  from uncensored self-disclosure.

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Section 3
Love Relationships (cont.)

• Rubin found that women expressed the same degree
  of love for her partner as he did for her.

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Section 3
Love Relationships (cont.)

• Robert Sternbergs triangular theory of love
  contends that love is made up of three parts that
  are present in various combinations

• Intimacy
• Passion
• Commitment

Triangular Theory of Love
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Section 3
Love Relationships (cont.)

• Two principles tend to govern behavior leading to
  successful marriages

• Endogamythe tendency to marry someone who is
  from ones own social group.
• Homogamythe tendency to marry someone who has
  similar attributes.

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Section 3
Love Relationships (cont.)

• Healthy adjustments to marriage seems to hinge on
  whether

• the couples needs are compatible.
• the husbands and wifes images of themselves
  coincide with their images of each other.
• they agree on what the husbands and wifes roles
  in the marriage are.

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Section 3
Love Relationships (cont.)

• Most people who end up divorced experience
  separation shocka period of mourning that
  lasts until the person suddenly realizes that he
  or she has survived.

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Section 3
Love Relationships (cont.)

• Children have a harder time adjusting to divorce
  because they

• usually do not want the divorce to occur.
• might not understand the reasons for the divorce.
• cant exercise any control over the situation.
• are not emotionally mature enough to deal with
  the experience.

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Section 3
Which type of love do you think is more important
in a successful marriage? A. Passionate
B. Companionate C. Both are equal

1. A
2. B
3. C

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Section 3-End
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Figure 1
Schachters Results These graphs show the results
of Schachters experiment about the effects of
anxiety on affiliation.
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Figure 2
Triangular Theory of Love Intimacy refers to the
feeling part of loveas when we feel close to
another. Passion is loves motivating
aspectfeeling physically aroused and attracted
to someone. Commitment is the thinking
componentwhen we realize that a relationship is
love and we desire to maintain that relationship
over time.
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Profile
Sigmund Freud18561939 Martha is mine, the
sweet girl of whom everyone speaks with
admiration, who despite all my resistance
captivated my heart at our first meeting, the
girl I feared to court and who came toward me
with high-minded confidence, who strengthened the
faith in my own value and gave me new hope and
energy to work when I needed it most.
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Concept Trans Menu
Chapter Concepts Transparencies
Correcting Attribution Errors Parent-Child
Relationships
Select a transparency to view.
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Concept Trans 1
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Concept Trans 2
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DFS Trans 1
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DFS Trans 2
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DFS Trans 3
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Vocab1
social psychology the study of how our thoughts,
feelings, perceptions, and behaviors are
influenced by interactions with others
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Vocab2
social cognition focuses on how we perceive,
store, and retrieve information about social
interactions
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Vocab3
physical proximity the distance of one person to
another person
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Vocab4
stimulation value the ability of a person to
interest you in or to expose you to new ideas and
experiences
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Vocab5
utility value the ability of a person to help
another achieve his or her goals
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Vocab6
ego-support value the ability of a person to
provide another person with sympathy,
encouragement, and approval
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Vocab7
complementarity the attraction that often
develops between opposite types of people because
of the ability of one to supply what the other
lacks
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Vocab8
primacy effect the tendency to form opinions
about others based on first impressions
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Vocab9
stereotype a set of assumptions about people in
a given category summarizing our experience and
beliefs about groups of people
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Vocab10
attribution theory a collection of principles
based on our explanations of the causes of
events, other peoples behavior
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Vocab11
fundamental attribution error an inclination to
over attribute others behavior to internal
causes (dispositional factors) and discount the
situational factors contributing to their behavior
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Vocab12
actor-observer bias tendency to attribute ones
own behavior to outside causes but attribute the
behavior of others to internal causes
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Vocab13
self-serving bias a tendency to claim success is
due to our efforts, while failure is due to
circumstances beyond our control
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Vocab14
nonverbal communication the process through
which messages are conveyed using space, body
language, and facial expression
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Vocab15
generational identity the theory that people of
different ages tend to think differently about
certain issues because of different formative
experiences
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