Title: DATABASE SYSTEMS
1 DATABASE SYSTEMS OVERVIEW
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2Database System Introduction
- Database Management System (DBMS)
- Contains a large bodies of information
- Collection of interrelated data (database)
- Set of programs to access the data
- Goal of a DBMS
- provides a way to store and retrieve database
information - convenient and
- efficient
3Database System Introduction (cont.)
- Functions of DBMS Management of Data (MOD)
- Defining structure for storage data
- Proving mechanisms for manipulation of data
- Ensure safety of data (system crashes,
unauthorized access, misused, ) - Concurrent control in multi-user environment
- Computer Scientists
- Developed a lot of concepts and techniques for
MOD - Concepts and techniques form the focus of this
course
4Contents
- Introduction
- Why Database Systems?
- An Architecture for a Database System
- Data Models
- Components of a Database System
- How to establish a Database System?
- Discussion and Remarks
- Extending Database Technology
- Data Structure and Database ?????
- Research on Database
50.1 Why Database Systems?
- Conventional Data Processing techniques
6- 0.1 Why Database Systems?
- File System
70.1 Why Database Systems? File System
Advantages and Disadvantages
- Advantages File Systems are simple in design
- Disadvantages
- Data Redundancy
- a waste of memory
- high update cost
- data inconsistency
- Data Incompleteness
- Data Insecure
- Application Program Unstable
- file system (application program)
- data changed data structure changed
- program changed
80.1 Why Database Systems? Solution Database
Systems!!
- Objectives of Database Systems
- eliminate unnecessary data redundancy
- maintain data integrity
- control security
- achieve data independence
- add program stability
90.2 Architecture for a Database System View 1
DBMS Components
SQL Select S, P from S, P where..
100.2 Architecture for a Database System View 2
Three Tiers
110.2 Architecture for a Database System View 3
Users View vs. Internal
Scan figure
120.2 Architecture for a Database System View 4
DBA vs. Programmers
Scan figure
130.3 Data Models
- Hierarchical Data Model
- Network Data Model
- Relational Data Model
- Object-Oriented Data Model
-
14Hierarchical Data Model
Course
Title
Course
Offering
PreReq
Prereq.
Off.
Date
Location
Teacher
Student
Emp.
Name
Grade
Emp.
Name
15Network Data Model
S
P
S SNAME STATUS CITY
P-SP
S-SP
(Links)
SP
QTY
16300 200 400 200 100 100 300 400 200
200 300 400
The Network Model Sample Values
P
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P1
SP
S1 P1 300 S2 P1 300 S2 P2 400 -- --
---
S
S3
S4
S5
S1 Smith 20 London
S2
17Relational Data Model Codd70
- System R
- DB2
- INGRES
- Oracle
- Informix
- ACCESS
-
S1 Smith 20 London S2 Jones
10 Paris S3
S4
18Object-Oriented Data Model
Person
190.4 Components of a Database System
- DDL (Data Definition Language)
- DML (Data Manipulation Language)
- Data Dictionary
- Utility Routines
200.4 Components of a Database System DDL (Data
Definition Language)
- CREATE TABLE S
- (S CHAR(5) NOT NULL,
- SNAME CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
- STATUS SMALLINT NOT NULL,
- CITY CHAR(15) NOT NULL,
- PRIMARY KEY (S))
- ALTER TABLE S ADD DISCOUNT SMALLINT
- DROP TABLE S
- CREATE INDEX XSC ON S (CITY)
- CREATE UNIQUE INDEX X ON S (S)
- DROP INDEX XSC
210.4 Components of a Database System DML (Data
Manipulation Language)
- SELECT S, STATUS
- FROM S
- WHERE CITYPARIS
- UPDATE S
- SET STATUS 2STATUS
- WHERE CITYLONDON
- DELETE
- FROM S
- WHERE S S5
- INSERT
- INTO S (S, SNAME, STATUS, CITY)
- VALUES(S6,TSENG,100,HSINCHU)
220.4 Components of a Database System Data
Dictionary
Application Program
9
Request
return
Working Area
1
8
7
6
2
DBMS
System Buffer
Data Dictionary
3
5
OS
4
Secondary Memory Database
230.4 Components of a Database System Utility
Routines
- Loading Routines
- Reorganization Routines
- Journalizing routines (log)
- Database Dump Routines
- Recovery Routines
- Statistical Analysis Routines
240.5 How to Establish a Database System?
- STEP 1 Database Design
- Logical database vs. physical database
- Collect data of applications
- Analyze data to eliminate redundancy (using
normalization theory and E-R Model) - Describe data in the specific Data Model the DBMS
use. - Describe each schema in DDL
- STEP 2 Implementation
- schema
- data
- SETP3Evaluation and Correction (by DBA)
- tuning
- statistical analysis
250.6 Discussion and Remarks
- Advantages of database systems
- redundancy can be reduced
- Inconsistency can be avoid
- Data can be shared
- Standards can be enforced
- Security restrictions can be applied
- Integrity can be maintained
- Provision of data independence
- Disadvantages of database systems
- Database design and control is a complicated
matter.
260.7 Extending Database Technology
- Expert Database Systems
- Knowledge-base Management Systems
- AI DB
- Image Database Systems
- Intelligent Pictorial Databases
- Image DB
- Object-Oriented Database Systems
- OO Programming DB
- Multimedia Database
- Text Voice Image .. DB
- Multidatabases
- Integrate heterogeneous /homogeneous
- database systems
27Extending Database Technology
- Real-time Database Systems
- Real-time Tech. DB
- Video Database Systems
- MPEG DB
- Digital Library
- Library DB
- Bioinformatic Database Systems
- Biological DB
-
-
280.8 DS and Database ?????
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Sorting, Hashing, ????, web, ????
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- Chapter 1 Introduction
- Chapter 2 Entity-Relationship Model
- Chapter 3 Relational Model
- Chapter 4 SQL
- Chapter 5 Other Relational Languages
- Chapter 6 Integrity Constraints
- Chapter 7 Relational Database Design
- References
- 1. Silberschatz etc, Database System
Concepts, 5th edition, McGraw Hill, 2006
30????? (????)
- Unit 1 Sorting (DS. Chapter 7)
- Unit 2 Hashing (DS. Chapter 8)
- Unit 3 Heap Structure (DS. Chapter 9)
- Unit 4 Searching Structure (DS. Chapter 10)
- Unit 5 XML (DBMS Chapter 10)
- Unit 6 Storage and File Structure (DBMS Chapter
11) - Unit 7 Indexing and Hashing (DBMS Chapter 12)
- References
- 1. A. Silberschatz, etc, Database System
Concepts, 5th edition, McGraw Hill, 2006 - 2. E. Horowitz, etc. Fundamentals of Data
Structures,
31? ?
????? (???)
- PART 0 Basic Concepts
- Chapter 0 Overview
- Chapter 1 Introduction
- PART 1 RELATIONAL DATABASES
- Chapter 2 Relational Model
- Chapter 3 SQL
- Chapter 4 Advanced SQL
-
- PART 2 DATABASE DESIGN
- Chapter 6 Database Design and the E-R Model
- Chapter 7 Relational Database Design
- Chapter 8 Application Design and
Development - PART 4 DATA STORAGE AND QUERYING
- Chapter 11 Storage and File Structure
- Chapter 12 Indexing and Hashing
- Text Book A. Silberschatz etc, Database System
Concepts, 5th edition, McGraw Hill, 2006
32??????? (????)
- Unit 1 Introduction to DBMS
- Unit 2 DB2 and SQL
- Unit 3 The Relational Model
- Unit 4 The Hierarchical Model
- Unit 5 The Network Model
- Unit 6 Access Methods
- Unit 7 Logical Database Design
- Unit 8 Database Recovery
- Unit 9 Concurrency Control
- Unit 10 Security and Integrity
- Unit 11 Query Optimization
- Unit 12 Distributed Database
- References
- 1. C. J. Date, An Introduction to
Database Systems, 8th edition, 2004. - 2. J. D. Ullman, Principles of Database
and Knowledge-Base, Vol.I, 1988. - 3. Cited papers
33??????? II (???)
- Unit 13 Object-oriented Database
- Unit 14 Logic-Based Database
- Unit 15 Image Database
- Unit 16 Multimedia Database
- Unit 17 Multidatabase
- Unit 18 Real-time Database
- Unit 19 Parallel Database
- Unit 20 Temporal Database
- Unit 21 Active Database
- Unit 22 Bioinformatic Database
- Unit 23 .
- References
- Cited papers from Journals and conferences
34GenBank Database Growth
35Protein Database Growth
36Entrez
- Developed at NCBI, freely available and allow for
integrated access to PubMed records, nucleotide
and protein sequence data and 3D structure
information - http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Entrez
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390.9 Research on Database
- Level 5 Doing Research
- Level 4 Survey Papers Special Topics (Unit 13 -
) -
- Level 3 DBMS Advanced Topics
- (Unit 7 12)
- Date, Vol. 1, 2
- Ullman
- Level 2 DBMS Fundamentals
- (Unit 1 6)
- Date, Vol. 1
- Using DB2,
- Project Design a mini DBMS
- Level 1 Using DBMS
40Where to find Database papers?
- Journals
- ACM Trans. On Database Systems (TODS)
- IEEE Trans. On Software Engineering (TOSE)
- IEEE Trans. On Knowledge and Data Engineering
- ACM Trans. On Office Information Systems (TOOIS)
- Journal of Information Science and Engineering
-
- Conferences
- VLDB (Very Large Data Base)
- ACM SIGMOD
- PODS (Principal of Database Systems)
- IEEE Data Engineering
- NCS, ICS (National/International Computer
Symposium) -
-
Taiwan
Taiwan
41DATABASE SYSTEMS OVERVIEW
Q A
- Why Database Systems?
- An Architecture for a Database System
- Data Models
- Components of a Database System
- How to establish a Database System?
- Discussion and Remarks
- Extending Database Technology
- Data Structure and Database ?????
- Research on Database