Us Too Prostate Cancer

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Prostate Cancer.

• Facts Every Man Should
• Know!

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What is the Prostate Gland?

• The prostate gland is part of the male
  reproductive system that makes the fluid that
  carries sperm.
• It is a walnut size gland that only men have.
• The gland is located in front of the rectum and
  below the bladder. The urethra (the tube that
  carries urine from the bladder to exit the body)
  runs through the center of the prostate. As men
  age, the prostate tends to increase in size.
  This can cause the urethra to narrow and decrease
  urine flow.

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The Prostate Gland
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• How Significant is Prostate Cancer

Over 232,000 men are diagnosed with prostate
cancer annually, and approximately 30,000 men
will die from the disease each year. Source ACS
2005 Facts Figures
Source CDC Cancer Control Initiatives Website
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• Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in
  American men and the second leading cause of
  cancer death.
• Prostate cancer strikes as many men as breast
  cancer does women, but lacks the national
  awareness and research funding breast cancer
  currently receive.
• The 5-year survival rate for patients whose
  cancer is caught while still confined to the
  prostate is 99 while the 5-year survival rate
  for those diagnosed with advanced disease is
  30.9.
• Source National Cancer Institutes SEER
  (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results)
  Program

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Who is at Risk for Prostate Cancer
While all men are at risk for prostate cancer,
some factors increase the risk.

• FAMILY HISTORY - Men with a father, brother, or
  son who has had prostate cancer are at greater
  risk for developing it themselves
• RACE - Prostate cancer is more common in
  African-American men than in white men. It is
  less common in Hispanics, Asians, Pacific
  Islanders, and Native Americans than in Whites.

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• The preponderance of prostate cancer among Black
  males is almost at epidemic levels.
• Black men in America are at least 50 more likely
  to develop prostate cancer than men of any other
  racial or ethnic group in this country.
• Roughly 66 of Black men diagnosed with prostate
  cancer survive at least five years compared to
  81 of white men with the disease.
• Mortality rates among Black prostate cancer
  victims are twice as high as that for white men,
  and this rate is increasing almost 2 per year.
• Source National Cancer Institutes SEER
  (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results)
  Program

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Incidence And Death Rates by Race
Source National Cancer Institutes SEER
(Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results)
Program
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What is Prostate Cancer

• Cancer is a cellular disease.
• It is a disordered and abnormal cell growth.
• In prostate cancer, as in other types of cancer,
  cells grow out of control and form tumors.

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• If the tumor is within the gland, the cancer is
  said to be localized and curable.
• If the cancer escapes the gland it is considered
  incurable.
• Early detection before the cancer escapes the
  gland becomes very important.

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EARLY detection and EFFECTIVE treatment when
the cancer is localized can save your life!
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What Are The Symptoms Of Prostate Cancer

• Unfortunately, prostate cancer can progress
  without symptoms or show symptoms that occur with
  other conditions as a result, many men with
  prostate cancer never know it until it is too
  late!
• Major symptoms are urinary frequency, slow
  urinary flow, painful urination, blood in urine
  or semen, back or thigh pain and impotence.
• Because these symptoms can be caused by other
  conditions, testing for prostate cancer with PSA
  and DRE becomes fundamentally important to avoid
  an advanced stage diagnosis.

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What You Should Know About The PSA And DRE Tests

• Medical opinion is divided on use of the PSA. (Us
  Too recommends PSA and DRE annually)
• PSA is not prostate cancer-specific.
• One test out of range may have various causes.
• The real value of the PSA test is in
  serialization Testing year to year and observing
  the rate of change.
• An exponential variation in PSA has been
  documented to represent tumor growth 7 to 9 years
  prior to a diagnosis of prostate cancer.

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What is PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)

• PSA is a protein secreted by both normal and
  malignant prostate cells.
• PSA is measured by a simple blood test sent to a
  lab results are usually returned within 24 to
  48 hours.
• When tested for prostate cancer, ask your doctor
  for a copy of your results. Normal PSA range is
  based on age.
• Serial PSA can detect sudden changes in
  year-to-year measurement value that need to be
  investigated.
• Sudden PSA changes can be caused by infection,
  irritation, Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) or
  prostate cancer. Infection needs to be ruled out.

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Age-adjusted Normal PSA Range
Source Mayo Clinic
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What is DRE (Digital Rectal Examination)

• Your doctor will examine your prostate gland for
  irregularities by feeling the gland through the
  rectum. DRE takes only a few seconds to perform.
• DRE is an important evaluation that enhances the
  value of PSA testing in early disease detection.
• DRE and PSA are complementary and together are
  able to detect prostate cancer when individually
  they might not.

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Us TOO International and all of its affiliates
recommend

• Men at higher risk (African American men 40 years
  and older) should begin testing annually with
  both a PSA and DRE.
• Caucasian, Hispanic and Native American men
  should be tested annually beginning by age 50. If
  your doctor does not suggest it, you should
  request it.

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When Should I have my PSA Test and Digital Rectal
Exams

• African American men, as well as men with family
  history of prostate cancer, should have PSA
  testes and digital rectal exams annually
  beginning at age 40.
• PSA tests and DRE should be performed every year
  for men beginning at age 50 according to Us Too
  International guidelines.
• Some physicians may not offer annual PSA and DRE
  to men at risk. Men should demand the test!
  Remember it is YOUR HEALTH you are dealing with.

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What if My PSA Test Results Came Back Above Normal

• Learn more about your treatment options by
  contacting your doctor.
• Your doctor may order a biopsy a small sample of
  prostate tissue is removed with a needle and
  examined under a microscope.
• Get a second opinion on the biopsy sample by a
  pathologist specializing in prostrate cancer, and
  from an unbiased specialist in prostate cancer
  treatment.

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• Other reasons your test results may be high are
  1) Benign Prostrate Hyperplasia (BPH) a
  non-cancerous condition that shares some symptoms
  of prostate cancer, and 2) BPH causes the
  prostate to get bigger and can place pressure on
  the urethra, the tube that carries urine,
  resulting in urinary problems.

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Four ways to Avoid Advanced Stage Diagnosis

• Men assuming responsibility for their health.
• Early Detection.
• Early Detection
• Early Detection

And
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How is Prostate Cancer Diagnosed

• If either the PSA and DRE are abnormal a biopsy
  may be done. (Transrectal ultrasound guided
  biopsy) The procedure is relatively simple, just
  like the DRE.
• The ultrasound uses sound waves to detect signs
  of cancer on the prostate gland. Then a tiny
  needle is used to take a biopsy very small
  samples of tissue from at least six different
  areas of the prostate.
• The samples are sent to a medical laboratory for
  evaluation by a pathologist and the results are
  normally back within a few days.

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IN CASE OF A POSITIVE BIOPSY

• DO NOT PANIC
• LEARN MORE ABOUT YOUR TREATMENT OPTIONS BY
  CONTACTING YOUR DOCTOR

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Types of Treatment Procedures
When prostate cancer has been found in its early
stages and has not spread beyond the prostate, a
doctor and his/her patient may decide upon
various treatment options each has its own risks
and benefits.

• Watchful Waiting Monitoring the patients
  prostate cancer by performing PSA test and
  Digital Rectal Exam regularly, and treating it
  only if and when the prostate cancer causes
  symptoms or show signs of growing.
• Radical Prostatectomy Removal of the entire
  prostate gland and nerves.
• External Radiation Therapy High-energy rays to
  kill or shrink cancer cells.

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• Cryosurgery Freezes abnormal cells of the
  prostate with a metal probe.
• Hormone Therapy Decreases the androgen
  (testosterone) levels in the body by giving
  certain hormones to keep prostate cancer from
  growing.
• Chemotherapy Anticancer drugs injected into the
  vein or taken by mouth.
• Transurethral Resection of the prostate (Brach
  Therapy) Confined dosage of radioactive seeds
  inserted directly into the prostate while
  minimizing healthy tissue damage.

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Side Effects of Treatment

• Side effects may depend on
• The type of treatment
• Patient age, and
• Overall health
• Person could experience pain, discomfort, and
  other mild to severe side effects such as
• Impotence, the inability to attain and maintain
  an erection hard enough to complete sexual
  intercourse more than half the time sex is
  desired.
• Incontinence, loss of bladder control or
  dribbling.
• Bowel problem, burning and rectal pain and/or
  diarrhea.
• Ask a doctor about side effects. He/she may be
  able to prescribe something to relieve them.

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Making the Choice to Know Your Score!
Meet with your physician and discuss your
questions and concerns. Make a joint decision
with your physician and family.
Remember The earlier prostate cancer is
discovered, the better the chances are that it
can be treated effectively.
Make the choice to KNOW YOUR SCORE!