Using Nanotechnology in Medical Imaging and Diagnosis

1
Using Nanotechnology in Medical Imaging and
Diagnosis

• Alisha Shutler Introduction to Nanotechnology
• December 1, 2007

2
Presentation Outline

• Introduction
• Bioimaging Techniques
• Medical Uses
• Nanotechnologys Role
• References

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Introduction

• Biomedical imaging has revolutioned the
  healthcare industry
• Current popular techniques involve imaging at
  structural and anatomic level
• Need to extend imaging to cellular and molecular
  levels

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Bioimaging Techniques Reflection, Transmission,
and Fluorescence

• Reflection 1
• Confocal Microscopy
• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
• Transmission 1
• Confocal Microscopy
• Phase Contrast and Dark Field Microscopy
• Differential Interference Contrast (DIC)
  Microscopy
• Fluorescence 1
• (Epi)-Fluorescense Microscopy
• Scanning Optical Microscopy
• Confocal Microscopy
• Two-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy (TPLSM)
• Total Internal Reflection Fluorescense Microscopy
  (TIRF)
• Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM)

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Bioimaging Techniques Reflection, Transmission,
and Fluorescence

• Reflection 1
• Confocal Microscopy
• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
• Transmission 1
• Confocal Microscopy
• Phase Contrast and Dark Field Microscopy
• Differential Interference Contrast (DIC)
  Microscopy
• Fluorescence 1
• (Epi)-Fluorescense Microscopy
• Scanning Optical Microscopy
• Confocal Microscopy
• Two-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy (TPLSM)
• Total Internal Reflection Fluorescense Microscopy
  (TIRF)
• Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM)

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Bioimaging Techniques Getting Additional
Information

• Spectral Imaging 1
• Bandpass Filters
• Localized Spectroscopy
• Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)
• Time Resolved Imaging 1
• Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM)
• Nonlinear Optical Imaging 1
• Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS)

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Bioimaging Techniques Looking Ahead

• Multifunction Imaging
• 4Pi Imaging
• Combination Microscopes
• Miniaturized Microscopes

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Medical Uses In-vivo, In-vitro,Ex-vivo

• Cellular Imaging
• RNA/DNA
• Protein-Protein Interactions
• Tissue Imaging
• Soft Tissue
• Hard Tissue
• In-vivo imaging can be used at the level of
  tissue, organ, or entire live being 1

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Medical Uses Detecting the Bad Guys

• Viruses and Bacteria
• Detection of Tumor Cells
• Cancer Detection
• Corneal Imaging
• Gastrointestinal Pathology
• Drug Tracking

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Medical Uses Looking Ahead

• Future applications of near-IR imaging
• Use of nanoparticle approach of encapsulation and
  delivery
• In-situ activation of a fluorescent probe
• Real-time in-vivo imaging
• Imaging of microbes ltlt wavelength of light

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Nanotechnologys Role

• Light-Matter Interactions
• Confining light on nanoscale
• Confining matter on nanoscale
• Quantum Dots
• Long lifetimes
• Not easy to photobleach
• Insensitive to microbial attack

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Nanotechnologys Role

• Bioimaging
• Biosensing
• Photodynamic therapy
• Magnetic nanoclinics

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References

• Prasad, Paras N. Biophotonics. New Jersey John
  Wiley and Sons, 2003.
• Cheng, Ji-Xin. Diagnostic Detection with
  Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Microscopy.
  Perdue University. Fall 2005. ltLinkgt.
• Nave, C. R. Interference Filters.
  Hyperphysics. 2006. Georgia University. 30
  Nov. 2007. ltLinkgt.