The Holocaust

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The Holocaust Burnt Alive

• The attempted extermination of an entire race of
  people

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• Over the next few days, our class discussions
  will contain photographs of those who suffered
  through the Holocaust. Some of the images are
  difficult to look at however, it is important to
  recognize the atrocities the Nazis committed so
  we, as human beings, can prevent such violence
  from occurring again.
• When you come to a slide that contains the
  following sign then the image(s) that
  follow may be disturbing. If you are made
  uncomfortable by disturbing images, please use
  your best judgment and look away.

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Hitlers Anti-Semitism

• Once I really am in power, my first and foremost
  task will be the annihilation of the Jews. As
  soon as I have the power to do so, I will have
  gallows built in rowsat the Marienplatz in
  Munich, for exampleas many as traffic allows.
  Then the Jews will be hanged indiscriminately,
  and they will remain hanging until they stink
  they will hang there as long as the principles of
  hygiene permit. As soon as they have been untied,
  the next batch will be strung up, and so on down
  the line, until the last Jew in Munich has been
  exterminated. Other cities will follow suit,
  precisely in this fashion, until all Germany has
  been completely cleansed of Jews

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Aryan Race

• Aryan Race Germans with blonde hair and blue
  eyes were believed to be the master race
• Eugenics Hierarchy of race (racism)
• Forced sterilization of those who were inferior
• Many of Hitlers views on eugenics came from the
  United States
• For example, Woodrow Wilson supported eugenics

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Eugenics in the United States
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Anti-Semitism
Began when a 17-year-old Polish Jew killed a
German diplomat living in Paris. Kristallnacht
was the Germans response to the murder.

• 1933 Hitler begins anti-Jewish propaganda
• Gestapo Nazi secret police could arrest,
  torture, and kill anyone they wanted to
• Kristallnacht On November 9, 1938, a thousand
  synagogues were burned and tens of thousands of
  Jewish shops were ransacked. The following
  morning 30,000 Jewish men were shipped to
  Concentration Camps

The Eternal Jew
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The Night of Broken Glass
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The Ghetto

• The Ghetto Walled up section of town where
  Jewish people were forced to live.

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Starvation
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Public Executions
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The Jews were led from their homes
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They were forced to march
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They were told to line up
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And they were executed
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Portrait of two-year-old Mania Halef, a Jewish
child who was among the 33,771 persons shot by
the SS during the mass executions at Babi Yar,
September, 1941.
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Marching to the Trains
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Being Transported to Death Camps
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Concentration Camps

• Concentration Camps Originally used to house
  political criminals, these became the home of
  millions of Jews, Jewish sympathizers, gypsies,
  Soviets, criminals, and homosexuals
• The SS Hitlers personal bodyguards who
  controlled the Concentration Camps

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Work is Liberty
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Stripped of their Possessions
Piles of shoes
Glasses
Gold wedding rings
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Poisoning of the Prisoners
Burning the bodies
Zyklon B
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The lucky ones
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Roll Call
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Life in a Death Camp
More than 50 of the prisoners at Auschwitz died
from starvation

• "Everyone worked so hard, got beaten upand came
  back to the camp -- the exhaustion alone pushed
  him to the bunk to lie down and sleep throughout
  the night and get enough strength so that he
  might be able to do that again tomorrow. In the
  morning, sixty percent of the six people in the
  bunk did not wake up. The other forty percent
  went over the pockets of the dead people to find
  a piece of breadThe hygienic condition was very,
  very poor in that period. I remember that I
  searched a dead body in the bunk and I found a
  piece of bread. That piece of bread was crawling
  with lice and you shook them off the bread and
  put it in your mouth and ate it. We all were
  crawling with lice. Taking a shower was not an
  option. To get out in the morning, to walk toward
  the barrack where there is water, running water
  you didn't want to walk through mud. If you
  walked through the mud you probably lost a shoe
  and then you had to go barefoot.

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Selection
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The Final Solution

• The Final Solution Hitlers decision to
  completely annihilate all Jews
• Dr. Josef Mengele a.k.a The Angel of Death
• Ruthless killer
• Conducted gruesome research (mostly on children)
• Fascination with twins

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Dr. Josef Mengele

• "Dr. Mengele had always been more interested in
  Tibi. I am not sure why - perhaps because he was
  the older twin. Mengele made several operations
  on Tibi. One surgery on his spine left my brother
  paralyzed. He could not walk anymore. Then they
  took out his sexual organs. After the fourth
  operation, I did not see Tibi anymore. I cannot
  tell you how I felt. It is impossible to put into
  words how I felt. They had taken away my father,
  my mother, my two older brothers - and now, my
  twin .."

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Dr. Josef Mengele

• I remember one set of twins in particular Guido
  and Ina, aged about four. One day, Mengele took
  them away. When they returned, they were in a
  terrible state they had been sewn together, back
  to back, like Siamese twins. Their wounds were
  infected and oozing pus. They screamed day and
  night. Then their parentsI remember the mother's
  name was Stellamanaged to get some morphine and
  they killed the children in order to end their
  suffering

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Typhus

• If one was lucky enough to survive selection and
  starvation, then they would likely suffer from
  the rapid spread of sickness
• Typhus spread through lice and results in an
  abnormally high fever
• Without medicine, most sufferers died

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• 16 of the 44 children taken from a French
  childrens home.
• They were sent to a concentration camp and later
  to Auschwitz.
• Of the 44 children, only 1 survived.

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Until September 14, 1939 my life was typical of
a young Jewish boy in that part of the world in
that period of time. I lived in a Jewish
community surrounded by gentiles. Aside from my
immediate family, I had many relatives and knew
all the town people, both Jews and gentiles.
Almost two weeks after the outbreak of the war
and shortly after my Bar Mitzvah, my world
exploded. In the course of the next five and a
half years I lost my entire family and almost
everyone I ever knew. Death, violence and
brutality became a daily occurrence in my life
while I was still a young teenager. Leonard
Lerer, 1991
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Liberating the Camps
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It was a graveyard
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Freedom?

• Here over an acre of ground lay dead and dying
  people. You could not see which was which ... The
  living lay with their heads against the corpses
  and around them moved the awful, ghostly
  procession of emaciated, aimless people, with
  nothing to do and with no hope of life, unable to
  move out of your way, unable to look at the
  terrible sights around them ... Babies had been
  born here, tiny wizened things that could not
  live ... A mother, driven mad, screamed at a
  British sentry to give her milk for her child,
  and thrust the tiny mite into his arms ... He
  opened the bundle and found the baby had been
  dead for days. This day at Belsen was the most
  horrible of my life

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Taking care of the SS
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Taking care of the SS
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Aftermath

• Death Marches Prisoners of the camps were forced
  to march dozens of miles without rest, food, or
  water
• Genocide The attempted extermination of an
  entire race of people

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Death Toll
More than 18 million people died in the camps

• Final death toll
• 6 million Jewish people
• 5 million Slavic civilians
• 3 million Soviet prisoners of war
• 2 million Polish Christians
• 1 million political enemies
• 500,000 Romanians
• 200,000 people with disabilities
• 20,000 homosexuals
• 2,000 Jehovahs Witnesses
• By 1945, nearly 72 of all Jewish people living
  in Europe prior to World War II were dead