Who Is Arun Jain

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Who Is Arun Jain?
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3 Class Whats Hot Topics/Technologies

• Rudy Covered Topics 9/5 Class
• His Slides On Technologies
• E commerce
• Image Processing/ Work Flow
• Group?/ KMS
• OOP
• ERP
• Data W house/ Portals
• Reading Chapters
• 12 - Systems building
• Tradl Life Cycle
• ERP
• Prod, Mfg
• Finance
• Hr
• Sales/ Production
• Refind ? Dev
• OOP

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Youve Come a Long Way Baby

• 4 Waves Of Technology Have Impacted Society And
  Economy In a Fundamental, Structural Way
• IT Brainwork Steam/ Lever Manual work
• Modeling/Simulation/Optimization
• CAD/CAM/CAE
• OOP/AI
• Internet
• Globalization Accelerated
• Manufacturing, And Now, Knowledge Workers

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Profound Insights

• The Easy Computing Has Been Done, Now Comes The
  Hard Part
• The Great Paradox Of Computing
• New Tools/ Technologies
• More Later
• Computer As The Great Equalizer
• No Place To Hide
• Global Workforce
• Competition/Wages etc
• Is Piecemeal Work Coming Back?

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Comment/Observations On Some Hot Technologies

• E commerce
• Powerful Concept/ Possibilities
• You Aint Seen Nothing Yet
• Self Service, 24/7
• 2 To Talk To a Human Teller!
• Image Processing/Work Flow
• Huge Impact On Productivity, Service
• Low Level, Data Entry Type Jobs Gone/Threatened
• But Higher Pay For Fewer People?

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ERP

• Another Over Sold Technology?!
• Been There, Done That
• CAD, Expert System Etc
• ERP Industry Replete With Cost Over Runs?
• Underlying Causes
• Under Scoped
• Over Sold Expectations
• Large Complex Systems That Do Everything For
  Everybody
• Manufacturing, Finance, HR etc etc
• Integration, Currency Of Data, Too Many Screens,
  Steps
• Customer Responsibility, By Definition?

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KBS/ OOP

• Whats In It For You (As An MBA, Manager Type)?
• You Can Be a Hero, Or At Least Champion The
  Opportunities/
• Possibilities

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Low Hanging Fruit

• Niche Applications
• Low Risk, High Payoff
• Cross Business View And Experience
• Business/Demand Driven

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Business and Plant Operations

• Knowledge-Based Systems
• Information Management
• Advisors, Diagnosis
• Intelligent Human Interfaces
• Collaborative Work Environments

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An Opportunity

• Use Knowledge, Not Just Data
• Capture, Synthesize Knowledge At Higher Level Of
  Abstraction With Object Oriented Languages And
  Databases
• Leverage Existing Knowledge And/Or Data Through
  Information Management
• Leverage Existing Information, Integrate, Apply
  Glue

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What Is a Knowledge-Based System?

• It Incorporates Knowledge That Is Symbolic (As
  Well As Numeric)
• Heuristic Reasons With Judgmental, Imprecise And
  Qualitative Knowledge As Well As With Formal
  Knowledge Of Established Theories
• Transparent Its Knowledge Is Simply And
  Explicitly Represented In Terms Familiar To
  Specialist, And Is Separate From Its Inference
  Procedures. It Provides Explanations Of Its Line
  Of Reasoning And Answers Queries About Its
  Knowledge
• Flexible It Is Incrementally Refinable And
  Extensible. More Details Can Be Specified To
  Refine Its Performance More Concepts And Links
  Among Concepts Can Be Specified To Broaden Its
  Range Of Applicability

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Summary

• Knowledge Representation Central Problem
• Higher And Higher Levels Of Abstraction
• Lessen Gap Between Abstract Data Structures
  And Operations That Characterize Solution To
  Problem And Primitive Structures And Operations
  Provided By Language
• Tool Kits, Shells, Frameworks
• Imposing Solution Models On Problems
• Object Oriented Programming
• Powerful Programming Environment
• Rapid Prototyping
• Evolving Systems

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Summary (contd)

• Applications Not Amendable To Traditional
  Programming Now Possible
• Capture, Share Expertise
• Ill Defined Problems
• Manage Complexity Of Domain Knowledge
• Heuristic, Rules of Thumb

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What is the state of the art?

• Expert-Level Performance On Narrow Problems
• Sufficient Knowledge To Solve Important Problems
• Understandable, But Limited Explanation Of Line
  Of Reasoning
• Natural Human Interface, Both Graphical And Text,
  But With Stylized Language And Limited Vocabulary
• Flexible Knowledge Bases
• Requirement For An Experienced Knowledge
  Engineer
• Limited To One Expert As The Knowledge Czar

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What makes for a good application?

• There Are Recognized Experts
• The Experts Are Probably Better Than Amateurs
• There Is General Agreement About The Knowledge
• The Commitment Of An Expert Can Be Obtained
• The Task Has a High Payoff
• The Task Takes An Expert a Few Minutes To a Few
  Hours
• The Knowledge Is Primarily Symbolic
• The Task Has a Combinatorial Nature
• The Skills Is (Routinely) Taught To Neophytes
• Data And Test Cases Are Available
• Incremental Progress Is Possible
• The Task Requires No Common Sense