October 31st: Halloween

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October 31st is Halloween
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Halloween is one of the worlds oldest holidays,
celebrated in several countries around the globe
including the USA, Canada, England, Ireland,
Scotland, Mexico, Latin America, and Spain.
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mhain????
Halloweens origins date back to the ancient
Celtic festival of Samhain (pronounced sow-in).
The Celtic peoples lived over 2,000 years ago I
n the area that is now Ireland, the United
Kingdom, and Northern France.
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For the Celtic peoples, the New Year was
celebrated on November 1st of every year. This
date marked the end of Summer and the beginning
of Winter. This time of year was often associat
ed with human death.
For the Celtic peoples, the New Year was
celebrated on November 1st of every year. This
date marked the end of Summer and the beginning
of Winter.
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The Celts believed that on the night before the
new year, the boundary between the worlds of the
living and the dead became blurred as the dead
searched for the afterlife. Thus, on the night
of October 31st, they celebrated Samhain, when it
was believed that the ghosts of the dead returned
to Earth to cause mischief and trouble.
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To commemorate the event, people built huge
sacred bonfires where animals and crops were
sacrificed to the Gods for protection, and to
help scare ghosts away. The Celts also wore cos
tumes to disguise themselves, in an attempt to
confuse the spirits roaming the Earth.
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The Impact of Christianity
By the A.D. 800s, the influence of Christianity
had spread into Celtic lands. Pope Boniface IV
designated November 1st All Saints Day, a time t
o honor Saints and Martyrs. It was known as All
Hallowmas. Thus, October 31st became known as
All Hallows Eve, and eventually was
shortened to the current day title,
Halloween. ??????,???????????????????????????
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Eve,???????????????Halloween?
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Even later, in A.D. 1000, the Christian church
made November 2nd All Souls Day, a day to honor
the dead. It was celebrated with big bonfires,
parades, and dressing up in costumes as saints,
angels, and devils. Together, the three celebr
ations, All Hallows Eve, All Saints Day and All
Souls Day, were called Hallowmas.
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???????All Hallows Eve (?????),All Saints Day
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Becoming an American Tradition
Halloween arrived in North America courtesy of
Irish and Scottish emigrants who brought stories
of Samhain and Hallowmas, as well as tales of g
hosts and spirits with them in the 1840s, durin
g the Irish Potato Famine. The holiday
flourished into what is now modern day
Halloween. 1840??,?????????,????????????????,???
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Traditions of Halloween
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Many of the traditions associated with Halloween
can be traced back to the ancient festivals of
Samhain and Hallowmas. Traditions include
costuming, trick-or-treating, bobbing for apples,
pumpkin carving, and the lighting of bonfires.
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Costuming
Costumes were worn by the Celts for Samhain and
the Christians for All Hallows Eve as a disguise
to confuse and/or scare away the spirits/ghosts
they believed were freely roaming the Earth from
possessing their souls. Today, although we n
o longer believe that spirits are flying freely,
modernized costumes are worn at Halloween by
children going trick-or-treating and by adults
seeking fun and amusement. ??,???????????????,???
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Trick-or-treating
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The modern day custom of Trick-or-Treating
originated from the very old custom of
Going-a-souling or begging for soul cakes.
Soul cakes were baked goods offered to souls of
the departed. The Christian Church encouraged the
practice of the needy going from home to home
gathering food (Going-a-souling) at Harvest time.
Prayers for the recently deceased from the needy
were exchanged with the giving family.

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Those not offering goods were usually punished
with a trick on Halloween night or hexed with
misfortune for the next year. The term
trick-or-treat is thought to have first
originated in Britain where Halloween was known
as Mischief Night and the practice of
going-a-souling was common.
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Pumpkin Carving
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Carved pumpkins are traditionally known as
Jack-o-lanterns. Traditionally, the jack-o-lant
ern was carved from a turnip, potato, or beet
and lit with a burning candle. These lanterns
represented the souls of departed loved ones and
were placed in windows or set on porches to
welcome the deceased. They also served as protect
ion from evil spirits freed from the dead on
Halloween night. In North America, turnips, potat
oes, and beets were not as readily available, so
the pumpkin was used and found to be a suitable
replacement.
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Jack-o-lanterns
People have been making Jack-o-lanterns at
Halloween for centuries. The practice originated
from an Irish myth about a man known as Stingy
Jack. Stingy Jack one day invited the Devil to h
ave a drink with him. Not wanting to pay for the
drink, he tricked the Devil into turning himself
into a coin, and then put the Devil into his
pocket next to a cross that prevented the Devil
from changing back into his original form.
Jack freed the Devil after the Devil promised not
to bother Jack or, should he die, claim his
soul. ?????????????????????????????????????????
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Eventually, when Jack did die, God would not take
him into Heaven, and the Devil, who had promised
not to claim Jacks soul, could not take him int
o Hell. Thus, the Devil sent Jacks spirit into t
he night with only a burning candle to light his
way. Jack put the candle into a carved out
turnip and has been roaming the Earth ever
since. The Irish began to refer to this ghostly f
igure as Jack of the Lantern, and then simply
as Jack-o-lantern.
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Lantern),??????????( Jack-o-lantern)?
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Symbols of Halloween
Modern day Halloween celebrations use many
symbols to help make the holiday more festive
Some of these include ??????????????,??
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BATS
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Because bats only fly at night and live in tombs,
caves, and abandoned churches and buildings, they
are believed to be omens of evil.
They are commonly associated with witches and
vampires. It is superstition that witches and vam
pires can take the form of a bat.
Since the vampire bat is the only mammal that
feeds on blood, they are often linked to death
and occult rituals.
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WITCHES
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Witches were thought to be tellers of fortune and
to cast spells, both good and bad. This
frightened many because it was believed that
these powers were strongest on Halloween night.


The image of a witch has greatly changed over the
centuries. Once thought of as old, wrinkled, gree
n skinned hags, many people associate witchcraft
to either evil or as being wise.
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Broomsticks
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Witches and broomsticks go hand in hand. They
have been associated for centuries. Often,
witches are depicted riding them across the night
sky with a black cat on one end.
It is believed that because Halloween occurred d
uring the rainy season, women used their broomst
icks to vault over large puddles and to sweep wat
er out of their paths while walking. Thus, the t
wo became associated.
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OWLS
Superstitions suggest that owls ate the souls of
the dying by swooping to Earth. Owls screeche
s and their glassy stare are an omen of death a
nd disaster. The owl is rarely seen during the
day and is associated with night behaviors. ?
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BLACK CATS
Cats, for centuries, have been considered to be
spiritual animals that have the ability to sense
good and bad spirits. Western superstitions detai
l that black cats are able to represent spirits
or incarnated humans, thereby linking them
to witchcraft. Black is also the color most comm
only associated with evil. ?????,??????????????
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Ghosts Skeletons
Ghosts are universal symbols for the departed.
Skeletons and bones are symbols of death and
shortness of life. Since Halloweens origins lie
as the festival of the dead, it seems only
fitting that ghosts and skeletons would be used.
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Spiders Webs
While many cultures feel that the spider and web
represent the weaving of life, in reference to H
alloween, they represent dark, spooky places and
haunted houses long forgotten.
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Other Symbols
Other symbols related to Halloween
include the colors black and orange,
scarecrows, the moon, vampires,
werewolves, and the wearing of
masks. ???????????,??,??,???,??????
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