Analysis of Literatures

1
Analysis of Literatures
On Ashura
Mansour Leghaei
2
The First Hand References on Ashura

• The most ancient writers on Ashura
• Maqtal al-Husain Abu Mekhnaf (d.
  157AH)
• He narrated about Ashura from some of the eye
  witnesses such as Dolham, Oqbeh and specially
  Homaid bin Muslim.
• Sheikh Mufid (d. 413) in his Irshad relies
  largely on him.
• Unfortunately Abu Mekhnafs report is not
  complete.

3
The First Hand References on Ashura

• Al-Tabaqat al-Kobrah Ibn Sad (d.230)
• His advantage is that he is a narrator.
• - Ibn Sad attempts at putting all the blame
  on Ibn Ziad and pleading Yazid innocent.
• - He is the first who narrated strange
  natural events after Ashura.

4
The First Hand References on Ashura

• 3. Al-Fotooh Ibn Atham Kufi (d.314)
• He is the first who narrated the Will of Imam
  Husain (a.s) to Ibn Hanafieyeh
• He is the first who narrated many Ahadith about
  the knowledge of Imam Husain (a.s)

5
Tragedians of Ashura from the 6th Century

• Mothirul-Ahzan Ibn Nama (d. 645)
• Lohoof Seyyed Ibn Tawoos (d.664) He is the
  first who mentioned the first Arbaeen.
• Rozatul-Shohada Mulla H. Kashefi (early 10th
  Century) in Farsi
• He added many fabrications to Ashura such as the
  wedding of Qasim

6
Tragedians of Ashura from the 6th Century

• 4. Al-Montakhab al-Torayhi (d.1085) Arabic
• 5. Asrarul-Shahadah Mullah Aqa Darbandi Farsi
• 6. Tazkeratul Shuhada Mullah Habibullah Kashani
• They narrated astronomical numbers and
  exaggerating stories.

7
revolutionary Writers

• Hajj Mirza Husain Noori (d. 1320) Lolo Wa
  Marjan ( Pearls Corals)
• Ayatollah Motahari

8
Reliable Contemporary Literature

• Nafasul-Mahmoum Sh. A. Qomi
• Al-Majalis al-Saniyeh Seyyed M. Amin
• Maqtalul-Husain Seyyed Moqarram
• Maalemul-Madrasatayn (vol.3) Allameh M. Askari

9
Analysis of English Literature

• The English literature are in three Categories
• The sources are mentioned
• Imam Husain The Tragic Saga of Karbala
• The sources are not mentioned
• Husain the Savior of Islam
• 3. Imaginary narrations
• Tears Tributes

10

• Poetry and Nohe