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The cultural industries in FlandersBelgium

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Economy and Culture are regional political matters ... Designer Fashion. Music. Publishing. Plastic Arts. New Media and Technology. Audiovisual Sector ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The cultural industries in FlandersBelgium


1
The cultural industries in Flanders/Belgium
  • January, 26th 2006
  • First Meeting of the European Network on Cultural
    Industries
  • Amsterdam
  • Katia Segers
  • Centre for studies on Media and Culture (CEMESO)
  • Ksegers_at_vub.ac.be

2
Some geo-political clarifications
  • Belgium federal state with 4 communities
    (Flanders - Wallonie - Brussels - German speaking
    community)
  • Economy and Culture are regional political
    matters
  • In Wallonie,Brussels and German Community up till
    2006 no debate or policy on cultural industries
  • In Flanders only debate since 1998, policy
    framework and measures upcoming

3
Introduction of the concept within the cultural
sector
  • Evolution of the attitude
  • Indifference we have nothing in common with
    commerce, this is not our segment, not our
    quality standards, nor our audience
  • Fear and negativism we will lose our subsidies
    to commercial and low quality entertainment
  • Moderate and divided positivism maybe CI could
    contribute to cultural policy goals,namely
    democratization and cultural diversity

4
2. Introduction of the concept on policy level
  • Ministry of Culture
  • since 2002 (States General of Culture)
  • Debate
  • first on Commercial cultural organizations
  • since 2003 (Debate on the Future of Culture) on
    CI
  • alternative subsidy system for musical, music,
    film and publishing
  • Creation of Flemish Investment Company Cultural
    Industries VIC (launch expected in March 2006)

5
  • Ministry of Economy
  • 2004 introduction of concept creative
    industries (hype Richard Florida)
  • Potential of CI in context of competition,
    knowledge economy, innovation policy (Lisbon
    Strategy) and economic expansion
  • Creation of Knowledge Center Flanders District
    of Creativity (2005)
  • Focus on Innovation
  • Cultural sector not prominently present

6
  • Cultural Industries versus creative
    industries
  • different vocabularies indicate a clash of
    power and policy competences
  • Flanders not unique
  • Need for epistemological clarity
  • - explosion of concepts
  • - haziness and mythologization of the conceptual
    apparatus
  • Similar of different sectors included?

7
Evolution of the concept of cultural industries
and related concepts in academic literature
8
Evolution of the concept of cultural industries
and related concepts in policy literature
9
Classification of the cultural industries and
related concepts
10
A definition of the cultural industries
  • The cultural industries contain all organizations
    that are profit oriented or not, which core
    activities are centralized around the symbolic
    meanings of their products (goods, services,
    experiences and hybrids) and that are mostly
    capitalized through intellectual property rights.
  • The process of (re)production, distribution and
    consumption can be mediated, live, large, small
    scale, time and space attached or free in
    different combinations.
  • The cultural industries are associated with or
    part of global conglomerates.
  • They are characterized by their cultural and
    economic ambivalences, a high capital intensity
    and a strong risk factor.
  • These characteristics are at the one hand
    consequences of the unpredictable taste of the
    diversified consumer (mass, niche, global,
    local).
  • On the other hand they are the effect of both the
    uncertain outcome of the complex and intensive
    organization and division of labor, that is
    structured around the work of relative autonomous
    creative workers and of the contingency of income
    from the specific awarding system, namely
    intellectual property rights.

11
  • Limitations of this definition
  • Highly time and space attached
  • Does not allow
  • counting in mathematically the sectors considered
    as part of the CIs
  • Definition of sectors included in schemes of
    government support
  • Growing interweaving of the sectors leads to
    hybrid cultural industries that surmount the
    boundaries
  • Constant updating of definition and analysis of
    features will remain essential for the future.

12
Sectors of the cultural industries according to
the Administration of the Ministry of Culture
13
Experts Vision group, established by the
Administration of the Ministry of Culture
  • Established in 2004
  • Participants representatives of different
    sectors
  • Designer Fashion
  • Music
  • Publishing
  • Plastic Arts
  • New Media and Technology
  • Audiovisual Sector
  • Design
  • Performing Arts/Live Entertainment

14
In fact
  • Flemish Investment Company Cultural Industries
    (VIC)
  • Will address to
  • 2006 musical (musical projects were rejected
    from the arts subsidy system)
  • 2007 music
  • Later film and (book) publishing (now still
    financed through Flemish Audiovisual Fund and
    Flemish Literal Fund at arms length subsidy
    bodies)
  • Activities not yet officially announced
  • Based on the Canadian Model (SODEC)
  • Risk capital, loans, public/private
    co-operations,
  • Reason of the current delay private funding
    proves to be very difficult (no tradition in
    Belgium)

15
Actual situation of the CI in Flanders
  • - Guessing!
  • Mapping of music and performing arts is going on
    (results expected only September 2006)
  • Other sectors not examined yet

16
Policy recommendations based on our research to
Flemish Government
  • Policy of two tracks
  • Regulating large scale CI
  • Stimulating small scale CI

17
Regulating large scale CI
  • Globalization CIs (concentration,
    diversification, integration)
  • Emergence of the experience economies
  • Growing importance of live entertainment
  • Integration of media and live entertainment
  • Local CIs become part of transnational
    corporations or pushed out of the market (case
    study Clear Channel Entertainment Belgium)
  • Threat to local culture and cultural diversity?

18
Regulating large scale CI
  • Culture is only in a limited way a Flemish policy
    matter
  • It is largely
  • Federal (intellectual property rights, social
    status of artists, tax system)
  • European
  • Global (WTO)
  • limited scope for Flanders to develop policy
  • Plea for strong presence on international forums
    of Flanders
  • Starting-point stimulating ànd restricting
    global CIs

19
Stimulating small scale CI
  • Strategic framework starting-points
  • Priority to and centrality of small scale
    companies
  • Bottom- up approach, stimulating clusters and
    networking
  • CI policy is not an alternative subsidy system
  • Durability, flexibility and transparency
  • Interdepartmental cooperation (Culture, Economy,
    Tourism, )

20
Stimulating small scale CI
  • Policy instruments
  • VIC that has clout
  • Interdepartmental Task Force/Think tank
  • CIDA Flanders (Cultural Industries Development
    Agency)
  • Alternative support schemes and instruments
  • Export promotion and development
  • Training and career support
  • Infrastructure
  • Tax measures
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