MIDDLE CHILDHOOD: Emotional and social development

1
Chapter 10

• MIDDLE CHILDHOOD Emotional and social
  development

2
The Quest for Self-Understanding
3
Erickson

• Eriksons Stage of Industry Versus Inferiority
• Self-Image The overall view that children have
  of themselves.

4
Self-Esteem

• Coopersmith Parental attitudes associated with
  development of high self-esteem.
• High self-esteem accepting of children
• Enforced clearly-defined limits
• Respect for childrens rights and opinions

5
(No Transcript)
6
Self-Regulated Behaviors

• Emotionally Disturbed (ED) children Cannot
  control their over-impulsive or aggressive
  behaviors toward others.

7
Understanding Emotion

• Fear unpleasant emotion aroused by impending
  danger, pain or misfortune.
• Phobia excessive, persistent and maladaptive
  fear response.
• Stress process involving the recognition of and
  response to a threat or danger.

8
Coping

• The responses we make in order to master,
  tolerate, or reduce stress
• Problem-focused
• Emotion-focused

9
Locus of control

• Our perception of who or what is responsible for
  the outcome of events and behaviors in our lives.
• Trauma any extremely stressful event that
  affects a childs emotional and psychological
  well-being.

10
Continuing Family Influences
11
Mothers and Fathers

• Employed Mothers
• 77 of all mothers work.
• Caregiving Fathers

12
Sibling Relationships

• Average of three children under age 18 in
  household
• Stepsiblings, half-brothers, half-sisters,
  adopted siblings, nonrelated siblings

13
Children of Divorce

• Wallerstein and Kelly tasks for child
• Accept divorce
• Get back to previous routine
• Resolve the loss of the family
• Resolve anger and self-blame forgive
• Accept permanence of divorce
• Believe in relationships

14
Single-Parent Families

• Bray and Heatherington
• If children have a good relationship with the
  single parent and income stress is not a factor,
  they are inclined to be better adjusted than if
  they remain in a two-parent home that is a
  divided and hostile environment.

15
Stepfamilies

• 75-80 of divorced parents remarry.
• Reconstituted or blended families

16
(No Transcript)
17
Later Childhood The Broadening Social
Environment
18
The World of Peer Relationships

• Peer relationships assume a vital role in
  childrens development.

19
Developmental Functions of Peer Groups

• Arena in which children can exercise independence
  from adult control
• Experience relationships with equal footing with
  others
• Position of children is not marginal
• Peer groups transmit informal knowledge.

20
Gender Cleavage

• The tendency for boys to associate with boys and
  girls with girls
• Children fashion coherent gender-based identity.
• Maccoby - Factors for segregation
• Differing styles for interacting
• Girls have difficulty influencing boys

21
(No Transcript)
22
Popularity, Social Acceptance and Rejection

• Group two or more people who share a feeling of
  unity and are bound together in relatively stable
  patterns of social interactions

23
Values

• Criteria people use in deciding the relative
  merit and desirability of things
• Sociogram depicts patterns of choice among
  members of a group.

24
Physical Attractiveness

• Culturally defined

25
Behavioral characteristics

• Popular
• Successful
• Unpopular
• Social isolates
• Introverted
• Overbearing, aggressive

26
(No Transcript)
27
Social Maturity

• Increases during early school years

28
Racial Awareness and Prejudice

• Prejudice a system of negative conceptions,
  feelings and action orientations regarding the
  members of a particular religious, racial, or
  nationality group

29
The World of School
30
Developmental Functions

• Teach specific cognitive skills
• Share with family responsibility for transmitting
  cultural goals and values
• Serve as sorting and sifting agency selecting
  young people for upward social mobility

31
Motivating Students

• Motivation the inner states and processes that
  prompt, direct, and sustain activity.
• Intrinsic undertaken for its own sake.
• Extrinsic undertaken for some purpose other
  that its own sake.
• Causality factors that produce given outcomes.

32
Social Class

• The higher the social class
• Greater number of grades children complete
• Greater participation in extracurricular
  activities
• Higher scores on achievement tests
• Lower rates of failure, truancy, suspensions and
  dropping out

33
Middle-Class Bias

• Middle-class teachers, unaware of prejudice, find
  lower socioeconomic status students unacceptable
• Subcultural Differences
• Different experiences and attitudes
• Educational Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
• Teacher expectation effects

34
(No Transcript)