15.1 Structure and Bonding

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Chapter 15 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral
Molecules

• 15.1 Structure and Bonding
• 15.2 Naming Aldehydes and Ketones
• 15.3 Some Important Aldehydes and Ketones

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Aldehydes and Ketones

• The carbonyl group is found in aldehydes and
  ketones.
• In an aldehyde, an H atom is attached to a
  carbonyl group.
• In a ketone, two carbon groups are attached to a
  carbonyl group.

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The Polar Carbonyl Group

• The carbonyl group (CO)
• Consists of a sigma and pi bond.
• Has a partially negative O and a partially
  positive C.
• Has polarity that influences the properties of
  aldehydes and ketones.

4
Naming Aldehydes

• In the IUPAC names for aldehydes, the -e in the
  corresponding alkane is replaced by al.
• Common names use a prefix with aldehydeform
  (1C), acet (2C), propion (3), and butyr (4C)

5
Aldehydes in Flavorings

• Several naturally occurring aldehydes are used as
  flavorings for foods and fragrances.

6
Naming Ketones

• In the IUPAC name, the -e in the alkane name is
  replaced with one.
• In the common name, add the word ketone after
  naming the alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl
  group. O O
  
  CH3-CCH3 CH3CCH2CH3Propanone
  2-Butanone(Dimethyl ketone (Ethyl
  methyl ketone) Acetone)

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Ketones in Common Use

Propanone, Dimethylketone, Acetone