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Chapter 7, Section 1

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Deviance is not always easy to identify ... Ritualism the individual rejects the goal but continues to use the legitimate means ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 7, Section 1


1
Chapter 7, Section 1
  • Deviance and Social Control

2
The Nature of Deviance
  • Deviance is behavior that departs from societal
    norms or group norms
  • Deviance is not always easy to identify
  • It is a matter of social definition it can vary
    from group to group and society to society

3
The Nature of Deviance
  • Deviance can be positive or negative
  • Negative deviance involves behavior that fails to
    meet accepted norms
  • Either reject the norms, misinterpret the norms,
    or are unaware of the norms
  • Positive deviance involves overconformity to
    norms leads to imbalance and extremes of
    perfectionism
  • Idealize group norms

4
The Nature of Deviance
  • Minor instances of deviant behavior occur
    frequently in modern society
  • The term deviance is usually reserved for
    violations of significant social norms
  • Those that are highly important either to most
    members of a society or to the members with the
    most power
  • A deviant is a person who has violated one or
    more of societys most highly valued norms

5
Social Control
  • Social control involves ways to promote
    conformity to norms
  • Without it, social life would be unpredictable
    (maybe even chaotic)
  • Two broad types of social control
  • Internal social control lies within the
    individual
  • Developed during the socialization process
  • External social control based on social
    sanctions rewards and punishments to encourage
    desired behavior
  • Sanctions may be positive or negative informal
    or formal

6
Chapter 7, Section 2
  • Functionalism and Deviance

7
Costs and Benefits of Deviance
  • Functionalists believe some deviance can
    contribute to the smooth operation of society
  • Negative effects of deviance
  • Deviance erodes trust a society with widespread
    suspicion and distrust cannot function smoothly
  • If not corrected, deviance can cause
    nonconforming behavior in others
  • Deviant behavior is expensive

8
Costs and Benefits of Deviance
  • Benefits of deviance
  • Deviance clarifies norms by exercising social
    control to defend its values
  • Deviance can be a temporary safety valve
  • Deviance increases unity within a society or
    group
  • Strengthens their commitment to a value
  • Deviance promotes needed social change

9
Strain Theory
  • Anomie is a social condition in which norms are
    weak, conflicting, or absent
  • Robert Mertons strain theory deviance is most
    likely to occur when there is a gap between
    culturally desirable goals and a legitimate way
    of obtaining them
  • When people accept the goal and the approved
    means to achieve it, it is calle conformity

10
Strain Theory
  • Conformity is not deviant behavior
  • Four responses to strain that are considered
    deviant
  • Innovation the individual accepts the goal of
    success but uses illegal means to achieve it
  • Ritualism the individual rejects the goal but
    continues to use the legitimate means
  • Retreatism both the legitimate means and the
    approved goals are rejected
  • Rebellion people reject both success and the
    approved means for achieving it

11
Control Theory
  • Travis Hirschis control theory states that
    conformity to social norms depends on the
    presence of strong bonds between individuals and
    society
  • If the bonds are weak, anomie is present,
    deviance occurs
  • Social bonds control the behavior of people
    preventing deviant acts

12
Control Theory
  • The social bond has four basic elements
  • Attachment the stronger your attachment, the
    more likely you are to conform
  • Commitment the greater your commitment to
    social goals, the more likely you are to conform
  • Involvement participation in approved social
    activities increases the probability of
    conformity
  • Belief belief in the norms and values of
    society promotes conformity
  • When social bonds are weak, the chances for
    deviance increase

13
Assignment
  • Section 1 Assessment (p.207) 1-3
  • Section 2 Assessment (p.212) 1-4
  • Juvenile Crime handout
  • Finish vocabulary
  • Be ready to discuss the deviance assignment
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