Title: Chapter 7: Deviance
1Chapter 7 Deviance
2Deviance
- Deviance is behavior that departs from society's
norms. - Deviance can vary depending on the group of
society's ideas of what is acceptable and
unacceptable. - EX murder is deviant in our country, but music
with explicit lyrics is only deviant to some
people. Stealing is deviant to you and I, but to
gangs it may be acceptable and even expected. - One person may believe George Bush is deviant
where another person may believe he is a great
humanitarian.
3Negative and Positive deviance
- Negative deviance involves behavior that fails to
meet accepted norms where positive deviance is
when someone will over-conform to norms. - For example, someone who is obese would be
considered a negative deviant where a person with
anorexia would be considered a positive deviant.
4Deviant
- According to sociologists a deviant is someone
who violates a major social norm of a society or
group.
5Control
- Social control involves a society finding ways to
promote conformity to norms. - - One type of social control is called internal
social control. This is shaped by socialization
and involves someone not doing a deviant act
because they know its wrong. Or someone does
something responsible because they know its the
right thing to do. - External social control is based on social
sanctions.
6Sanctions
- Social sanctions are rewards or punishments that
encourage conformity. - Positive Sanctions include promotions at work,
raises, smile of approval, etc. - Negative sanctions include criticism, fines,
imprisonment, etc.
7Deviance can be good
- Deviance can be both positive and negative for a
society. - Martin Luther King's deviance has proved to be an
example when deviance can lead to good things
8Anomie
- According to Emile Durkheim when a society has
missing, weak, or unclear norms anomie has
occurred. - Individuals are uncertain how to act
9Strain Theory
- Robert Merton came up with the strain theory
which says that deviance is more likely to occur
when a gap exists between cultural goals and the
ability to achieve those goals by legitimate
means like hard work and education. - There are four types of deviation involved with
the strain theory.
10Strain Theory-Innovation
- Innovation- When a person accepts the goals of
success but uses illegal means to achieve it.
Ex. drug dealing, robbery, etc.
11Strain Theory-Ritualism
- Ritualism- When the person rejects the goal but
continues to use the legitimate means. - This person will go through daily routines
without any concern for the quality of their
work.
12Strain Theory-Retreatism
- Retreatism- This is when both the legitimate
means and illegitimate means are rejected. This
person is not successful by either means and they
don't seek success. - ex. homeless person who chooses to not work
13Strain Theory-Rebellion
- Rebellion- This is when people reject both
success and the approved means for doing so. At
the same time they substitute a new set of goals
and means. - ex. KKK
14Control Theory
- According to the control theory created by Travis
Hirschi conformity to social norms depends on the
bond between the individual and society. - We conform because we don't want to disappoint
family members, friends, etc.
15Differential Association theory
- The differential association theory says the more
we are exposed to people who break the law, the
more apt we are to breaking the law ourselves.
16Labeling Theory
- The labeling theory says that two people who
break the same norm may be labeled differently. - For example, a male having multiple sex partners
compared to a female having multiple sex
partners.
17Primary and Secondary Deviance
- When a person breaks a law, but their lifestyle
isn't full of these acts this is considered
primary deviance. - Secondary deviance, on the other hand, is when
someone's lifestyle is full of deviance and law
breaking.
18Stigma
- Some deviants are given a stigma which may affect
the quality of their lives. - A stigma is an undesirable characteristic, or
label given to someone.
19Minorities in prison
- Minorities make up a bigger percentage of the
population in prison than they do in mainstream
society. - Why?
- Victim discounting is also a problem
20White collar crimes
- White-collar crimes are crimes that are usually
job-related crimes and committed by high-status
individuals. - Ex. embezzlement, tax evasion, etc.
21Crime and Punishment
- Deterrence is the threat of punishment to
discourage criminal behavior. - Retribution is when criminals repay their debts
to society. - - The idea of incarceration is keeping criminals
in prison. - - Rehabilitation is an attempt to control crime
by re-socializing criminals. - Unfortunately 30-60 percent of criminals released
from prison return to prison within 3 to 5 years. - The return to criminal behavior is called
recidivism.