Chapter 7: Deviance

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Chapter 7: Deviance

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Title: Chapter 7: Deviance


1
Chapter 7 Deviance
2
Deviance
  • Deviance is behavior that departs from society's
    norms.
  • Deviance can vary depending on the group of
    society's ideas of what is acceptable and
    unacceptable. 
  • EX murder is deviant in our country, but music
    with explicit lyrics is only deviant to some
    people.  Stealing is deviant to you and I, but to
    gangs it may be acceptable and even expected.
  • One person may believe George Bush is deviant
    where another person may believe he is a great
    humanitarian. 

3
Negative and Positive deviance
  • Negative deviance involves behavior that fails to
    meet accepted norms where positive deviance is
    when someone will over-conform to norms.
  • For example, someone who is obese would be
    considered a negative deviant where a person with
    anorexia would be considered a positive deviant. 

4
Deviant
  • According to sociologists a deviant is someone
    who violates a major social norm of a society or
    group.

5
Control
  • Social control involves a society finding ways to
    promote conformity to norms.
  • - One type of social control is called internal
    social control.  This is shaped by socialization
    and involves someone not doing a deviant act
    because they know its wrong.  Or someone does
    something responsible because they know its the
    right thing to do. 
  • External social control is based on social
    sanctions.

6
Sanctions
  • Social sanctions are rewards or punishments that
    encourage conformity. 
  • Positive Sanctions include promotions at work,
    raises, smile of approval, etc.
  • Negative sanctions include criticism, fines,
    imprisonment, etc.

7
Deviance can be good
  • Deviance can be both positive and negative for a
    society. 
  • Martin Luther King's deviance has proved to be an
    example when deviance can lead to good things

8
Anomie
  • According to Emile Durkheim when a society has
    missing, weak, or unclear norms anomie has
    occurred.
  • Individuals are uncertain how to act

9
Strain Theory
  • Robert Merton came up with the strain theory
    which says that deviance is more likely to occur
    when a gap exists between cultural goals and the
    ability to achieve those goals by legitimate
    means like hard work and education.
  • There are four types of deviation involved with
    the strain theory.

10
Strain Theory-Innovation
  • Innovation- When a person accepts the goals of
    success but uses illegal means to achieve it. 
    Ex. drug dealing, robbery, etc.

11
Strain Theory-Ritualism
  • Ritualism- When the person rejects the goal but
    continues to use the legitimate means.
  • This person will go through daily routines
    without any concern for the quality of their
    work.

12
Strain Theory-Retreatism
  • Retreatism- This is when both the legitimate
    means and illegitimate means are rejected.  This
    person is not successful by either means and they
    don't seek success. 
  • ex. homeless person who chooses to not work

13
Strain Theory-Rebellion
  • Rebellion-  This is when people reject both
    success and the approved means for doing so.  At
    the same time they substitute a new set of goals
    and means. 
  • ex. KKK

14
Control Theory
  • According to the control theory created by Travis
    Hirschi conformity to social norms depends on the
    bond between the individual and society. 
  • We conform because we don't want to disappoint
    family members, friends, etc.

15
Differential Association theory
  • The differential association theory says the more
    we are exposed to people who break the law, the
    more apt we are to breaking the law ourselves. 

16
Labeling Theory
  • The labeling theory says that two people who
    break the same norm may be labeled differently. 
  • For example, a male having multiple sex partners
    compared to a female having multiple sex
    partners.

17
Primary and Secondary Deviance
  • When a person breaks a law, but their lifestyle
    isn't full of these acts this is considered
    primary deviance. 
  • Secondary deviance, on the other hand, is when
    someone's lifestyle is full of deviance and law
    breaking.

18
Stigma
  • Some deviants are given a stigma which may affect
    the quality of their lives. 
  • A stigma is an undesirable characteristic, or
    label given to someone.

19
Minorities in prison
  • Minorities make up a bigger percentage of the
    population in prison than they do in mainstream
    society.
  • Why?
  • Victim discounting is also a problem

20
White collar crimes
  • White-collar crimes are crimes that are usually
    job-related crimes and committed by high-status
    individuals. 
  • Ex. embezzlement, tax evasion, etc.

21
Crime and Punishment
  • Deterrence is the threat of punishment to
    discourage criminal behavior.
  • Retribution is when criminals repay their debts
    to society.
  • - The idea of incarceration is keeping criminals
    in prison.
  • - Rehabilitation is an attempt to control crime
    by re-socializing criminals.
  • Unfortunately 30-60 percent of criminals released
    from prison return to prison within 3 to 5 years.
  • The return to criminal behavior is called
    recidivism.
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