The sky is divided into 88 zones called:

1
The sky is divided into 88 zones called

• Degrees
• Tropics
• Constellations
• Signs

2
The sky is divided into 88 zones called

• Degrees
• Tropics
• Constellations
• Signs

3
A map of the entire sky is called

• A meridian
• A sky finder
• The celestial sphere
• The galactic directory

4
A map of the entire sky is called

• A meridian
• A sky finder
• The celestial sphere
• The galactic directory

5
Objects are located on the celestial sphere in
units of

• Miles
• Kilometers
• Light years
• Parsecs
• Degrees

6
Objects are located on the celestial sphere in
units of

• Miles
• Kilometers
• Light years
• Parsecs
• Degrees

7
The angular size of your fist, held at arms
length, is about

• 1 degree
• 10 degrees
• 5 inches
• 10 inches

8
The angular size of your fist, held at arms
length, is about

• 1 degree
• 10 degrees
• 5 inches
• 10 inches

9
The apparent size of the moon in the sky is

• About ½ degree
• About 5 degrees
• About 10 degrees
• About a mile
• About 2000 miles (1/4 the earths diameter)

10
The apparent size of the moon in the sky is

• About ½ degree
• About 5 degrees
• About 10 degrees
• About a mile
• About 2000 miles (1/4 the earths diameter)

11
When an astronomer describes the altitude of
something in the local sky, he or she means

• How high something is in the sky, in units of
  miles or kilometers
• How high something is in the sky, in units of
  degrees
• The direction toward something north, south,
  east, or west

12
When an astronomer describes the altitude of
something in the local sky, he or she means

• How high something is in the sky, in units of
  miles or kilometers
• How high something is in the sky, in units of
  degrees
• The direction toward something north, south,
  east, or west

13
When an astronomer describes the azimuth or
direction of something in the local sky, he or
she means

• How high something is in the sky, in units of
  miles or kilometers
• How high something is in the sky, in units of
  degrees
• The horizon direction toward something north,
  south, east, or west (or in between)
• 2 and 3

14
When an astronomer describes the azimuth or
direction of something in the local sky, he or
she means

• How high something is in the sky, in units of
  miles or kilometers
• How high something is in the sky, in units of
  degrees
• The horizon direction toward something north,
  south, east, or west (or in between)
• 2 and 3

15
Directly above the Earths north pole, on the
celestial sphere, is

• The Big Dipper
• The Zenith
• The brightest star in the sky
• A star called Polaris
• 3 and 4

16
Directly above the Earths north pole, on the
celestial sphere, is

• The Big Dipper
• The Zenith
• The brightest star in the sky
• A star called Polaris
• 3 and 4

17
As seen from North America, stars near Polaris in
the sky

• Are in the Big Dipper
• Are seen only in winter
• Are seen only in summer
• Never set
• 1 and 4

18
As seen from North America, stars near Polaris in
the sky

• Are in the Big Dipper
• Are seen only in winter
• Are seen only in summer
• Never set
• 1 and 4

19
How long was thisexposure?

• A few seconds
• A few minutes
• About 20-30 minutes
• Two hours
• There is no way to tell

20
How long was thisexposure?

• A few seconds
• A few minutes
• About 20-30 minutes
• Two hours
• There is no way to tell

21
What makes Polaris a special star?

• It is the brightest star in the sky
• It is always directly overhead, no matter where
  you are
• It is near the axis about which the sky turns
• Its azimuth (direction) is always due north
• 3 and 4

22
What makes Polaris a special star?

• It is the brightest star in the sky
• It is always directly overhead, no matter where
  you are
• It is near the axis about which the sky turns
• Its azimuth (direction) is always due north
• 3 and 4

23
Why are different stars seen in different seasons?

• The tilt of the Earths axis
• Stars move during the year
• As the Earth orbits the Sun we see the Sun in
  front of different constellations
• Because thats how horoscopes work
• Precession

24
Why are different stars seen in different seasons?

• The tilt of the Earths axis
• Stars move during the year
• As the Earth orbits the Sun we see the Sun in
  front of different constellations
• Because thats how horoscopes work
• Precession

25
During the year the Sun appears in front of
different groups of stars. What are these called?

• Circumpolar stars
• Circumsolar stars
• The constellations of the zodiac
• The tropical constellations
• Solstice stars

26
During the year the Sun appears in front of
different groups of stars. What are these called?

• Circumpolar stars
• Circumsolar stars
• The constellations of the zodiac
• The tropical constellations
• Solstice stars

27
Why are the Moon and planets seen only in the
constellations of the zodiac?

• The planets all revolve in the same direction
  around the sun
• The planets all orbit in nearly the same plane,
  and the zodiacal constellations are in that
  plane.
• The constellations in the zodiac are the oldest,
  and the planets have been known from ancient
  times
• None of the above reasons

28
Why are the Moon and planets seen only in the
constellations of the zodiac?

• The planets all revolve in the same direction
  around the sun
• The planets all orbit in nearly the same plane,
  and the zodiacal constellations are in that
  plane.
• The constellations in the zodiac are the oldest,
  and the planets have been known from ancient
  times
• None of the above reasons

29
When might you see the planet Jupiter in the Big
Dipper?

• Summer
• Winter
• Only after midnight
• Never

30
When might you see the planet Jupiter in the Big
Dipper?

• Summer
• Winter
• Only after midnight
• Never

31
When is the Sun directly overhead at noon?

• March 21
• June 21
• July 21
• Never

32
When is the Sun directly overhead at noon?

• March 21
• June 21
• July 21
• Never

33
When it is summer in the United States, in
Australia it is

• Winter
• Summer
• It is always summer in Australia

34
When it is summer in the United States, in
Australia it is

• Winter
• Summer
• It is always summer in Australia

35
In summer, in the northern hemisphere, what is
the Suns daily motion?

• Rises in the east, sets in the west
• Rises north of east, sets south of west
• Rises north of east, sets north of west

36
In summer, in the northern hemisphere, what is
the Suns daily motion?

• Rises in the east, sets in the west
• Rises north of east, sets south of west
• Rises north of east, sets north of west

37
What causes the seasons?

• In summer the (whole) Earth is closer to the Sun
• In summer the tilt of the Earths axis makes the
  part of the Earth we are on closer to the Sun
• In summer the Sun is up for more hours
• In summer the Sun climbs higher in the sky so its
  rays hit the ground more directly
• 3 and 4

38
If the tilt of the Earths axis to its orbital
plane was 40 degrees, instead of 23 ½, but its
distance from the Sun remained the same, what
would happen to the seasons?

• They wouldnt change much
• They would become less extremewinter and summer
  would be more alike
• They would become more extremewinter colder and
  summer warmer
• The whole Earth would get colder
• The whole Earth would get warmer

39
If the tilt of the Earths axis to its orbital
plane was 40 degrees, instead of 23 ½, but its
distance from the Sun remained the same, what
would happen to the seasons?

• They wouldnt change much
• They would become less extremewinter and summer
  would be more alike
• They would become more extremewinter colder and
  summer warmer
• The whole Earth would get colder
• The whole Earth would get warmer

40
It takes a pot of soup a few minutes to heat up
on a stove. Approximately how long does it take
for the Sun to warm up the Earth in spring or
summer?

• Several hours
• About half a day
• About 1 full day
• 2 weeks
• Several months

41
It takes a pot of soup a few minutes to heat up
on a stove. Approximately how long does it take
for the Sun to warm up the Earth in spring or
summer?

• Several hours
• About half a day
• About 1 full day
• 2 weeks
• Several months

42
The full moon rises at approximately

• Midnight
• Sunset
• Sunrise
• 9 or 10 p.m.
• It rises at different times during the year

43
The full moon rises at approximately

• Midnight
• Sunset
• Sunrise
• 9 or 10 p.m.
• It rises at different times during the year

44
If you were on the Moon, would the Earth,

• Show no phases
• Show phases the same as the Moon (when it is full
  Moon it is full Earth, etc.)
• Show phases opposite to the Moon (when it is full
  Moon it is new Earth, etc.)
• Make a sketch to decide!

45
If you were on the Moon, would the Earth,

• Show no phases
• Show phases the same as the Moon (when it is full
  Moon it is full Earth, etc.)
• Show phases opposite to the Moon (when it is full
  Moon it is new Earth, etc.)
• Make a sketch to decide!

46
Suppose that the Moon was a cube, but everything
else was the sameit kept one side facing Earth
as it orbited. What would its phases be like?

• It would not have phases
• The phases would be just like now
• The same as now, except square crescent square,
  half-square, full square, etc.
• It would only show new and full phases
• Make a sketch to decide!

47
Suppose that the Moon was a cube, but
everything else was the sameit kept one side
facing Earth as it orbited. What would its phases
be like?

• It would not have phases
• The phases would be just like now
• The same as now, except square crescent square,
  half-square, full square, etc.
• It would only show new and full phases
• Make a sketch to decide!

48
Why have more people seen an eclipse of the Moon
than an eclipse of the Sun?

• Eclipses of the Sun are much rarer than eclipses
  of the Moon
• The shadow of the Moon is smaller than the shadow
  of the Earth
• Anyone on the night side of the Earth can see a
  total eclipse of the Moon
• Anyone on the day side of the Earth can see a
  total solar eclipse
• 2 and 3

49
Why have more people seen an eclipse of the Moon
than an eclipse of the Sun?

• Eclipses of the Sun are much rarer than eclipses
  of the Moon
• The shadow of the Moon is smaller than the shadow
  of the Earth
• Anyone on the night side of the Earth can see a
  total eclipse of the Moon
• Anyone on the day side of the Earth can see a
  total solar eclipse
• 2 and 3

50
The observation of retrograde motion

• Proves that the heliocentric (sun-centered)
  theory is correct
• Cannot distinguish between epicycles and a
  heliocentric model
• Was not made until the 1600s
• Was not made until the 1900s
• None of the above

51
The observation of retrograde motion

• Proves that the heliocentric (sun-centered)
  theory is correct
• Cannot distinguish between epicycles and a
  heliocentric model
• Was not made until the 1600s
• Was not made until the 1900s
• None of the above

52
Why didnt the Greek astronomer Hipparchos
observe the parallax of stars?

• He had a geocentric theory in which the earth
  didnt move, so there was no parallax
• He did he just didn't know what it meant
• It was too small to see without a telescope
• Not all stars show parallax
• None of the above

53
Why didnt the Greek astronomer Hipparchos
observe the parallax of stars?

• He had a geocentric theory in which the earth
  didnt move, so there was no parallax
• He did he just didn't know what it meant
• It was too small to see without a telescope
• Not all stars show parallax
• None of the above

54
If our solar system were located at the exact
opposite side of the galaxy, would we be able to
see the Andromeda Galaxy?

• No, the stars in our galaxy would obscure the
  view of Andromeda.
• No, Andromeda would then be so far away that its
  light would be too weak to detect.
• Yes, but we would see the other side of
  Andromeda.
• Yes, but it would appear in a different
  constellation.
• Yes, the night sky would appear exactly the same
  regardless

55
If our solar system were located at the exact
opposite side of the galaxy, would we be able to
see the Andromeda Galaxy?

• No, the stars in our galaxy would obscure the
  view of Andromeda.
• No, Andromeda would then be so far away that its
  light would be too weak to detect.
• Yes, but we would see the other side of
  Andromeda.
• Yes, but it would appear in a different
  constellation.
• Yes, the night sky would appear exactly the same
  regardless

56

• What makes the North Star special?
• It was the first star to be cataloged by ancient
  astronomers.
• It lies close to the north celestial pole and is
  therefore very useful for navigation.
• It is the brightest star in the entire sky.
• It is the brightest star in the northern sky.
• It is visible from both the northern and southern
  hemispheres.

57

• What makes the North Star special?
• It was the first star to be cataloged by ancient
  astronomers.
• It lies close to the north celestial pole and is
  therefore very useful for navigation.
• It is the brightest star in the entire sky.
• It is the brightest star in the northern sky.
• It is visible from both the northern and southern
  hemispheres.

58

• If you had a very fast spaceship could you travel
  to the celestial sphere in about a month?
• Yes, and the NASA Voyager spacecraft has already
  done so.
• Yes, but once such a spacecraft crosses the
  celestial sphere it can never return.
• No, the celestial sphere is so far away that,
  even moving at close to the speed of light, it
  would take tens of thousands of years to reach.
• No, the celestial sphere moves away from us at
  the speed of light so we can never catch up with
  it.
• This statement doesnt make sense because the
  celestial sphere is a concept and not a physical
  object.

59

• If you had a very fast spaceship could you travel
  to the celestial sphere in about a month?
• Yes, and the NASA Voyager spacecraft has already
  done so.
• Yes, but once such a spacecraft crosses the
  celestial sphere it can never return.
• No, the celestial sphere is so far away that,
  even moving at close to the speed of light, it
  would take tens of thousands of years to reach.
• No, the celestial sphere moves away from us at
  the speed of light so we can never catch up with
  it.
• This statement doesnt make sense because the
  celestial sphere is a concept and not a physical
  object.

60

• I live in the United States, and during my first
  trip to Argentina I saw many constellations that
  Id never seen before.
• Yes, the skies in Argentina are notable for their
  clarity, therefore you can see many more stars
  there than in the U.S.
• Yes, Argentinas southern location affords us a
  different view of the night sky from what is
  visible in the U.S.
• No, the skies are exactly the same in both
  Argentina and the U.S.
• No, the constellations are upside down so they
  appear different but they are actually the same.
• This might be true if the visit occurred in the
  winter when different constellations are visible
  than in the summer.

61

• I live in the United States, and during my first
  trip to Argentina I saw many constellations that
  Id never seen before.
• Yes, the skies in Argentina are notable for their
  clarity, therefore you can see many more stars
  there than in the U.S.
• Yes, Argentinas southern location affords us a
  different view of the night sky from what is
  visible in the U.S.
• No, the skies are exactly the same in both
  Argentina and the U.S.
• No, the constellations are upside down so they
  appear different but they are actually the same.
• This might be true if the visit occurred in the
  winter when different constellations are visible
  than in the summer.

62

• Last night I saw Mars move westward through the
  sky in its apparent retrograde motion.
• Yes, this occurs during certain times of the year
  when Earth overtakes Mars in its orbit.
• Yes, this is a well studied phenomenon and its
  explanation proved a challenge to ancient
  astronomers.
• All planets (and stars) move westward because of
  the Earths rotation, so this is not unusual.
• No, apparent retrograde motion is only noticeable
  over many nights, not a single night.
• No, because Mars lies further from the Sun than
  Earth, it does not undergo retrograde motion.

63

• Last night I saw Mars move westward through the
  sky in its apparent retrograde motion.
• Yes, this occurs during certain times of the year
  when Earth overtakes Mars in its orbit.
• Yes, this is a well studied phenomenon and its
  explanation proved a challenge to ancient
  astronomers.
• All planets (and stars) move westward because of
  the Earths rotation, so this is not unusual.
• No, apparent retrograde motion is only noticeable
  over many nights, not a single night.
• No, because Mars lies further from the Sun than
  Earth, it does not undergo retrograde motion.

64

• If Earths orbit were a perfect circle, we would
  not have seasons.
• True, because the Earth would be at the same
  distance from the Sun throughout its orbit, there
  would be no summer or winter.
• True, it is the deviations from a circular orbit
  that create the seasons.
• False, the seasons are due to the tilt of the
  Earths axis, not its distance from the Sun.
• False, the poles would still be cooler than the
  equator and seasonal variations would therefore
  still exist.
• False, whether circular or not, the seasons
  depend on the precession of the Earths axis as
  it orbits the Sun.

65

• If Earths orbit were a perfect circle, we would
  not have seasons.
• True, because the Earth would be at the same
  distance from the Sun throughout its orbit, there
  would be no summer or winter.
• True, it is the deviations from a circular orbit
  that create the seasons.
• False, the seasons are due to the tilt of the
  Earths axis, not its distance from the Sun.
• False, the poles would still be cooler than the
  equator and seasonal variations would therefore
  still exist.
• False, whether circular or not, the seasons
  depend on the precession of the Earths axis as
  it orbits the Sun.

66

• Because of precession, someday it will be summer
  everywhere on Earth at the same time.
• Yes, precession will naturally circularize the
  Earths orbit.
• Yes, precession will eventually reduce the
  Earths axis tilt.
• Yes, precession will make summers occur at the
  same time, but in what is now the northern spring
  and southern fall.
• Yes, but it would take tens of thousands of
  years, longer than current human history, for
  this to occur.
• No, precession only changes the direction in
  which the North Pole points, and has nothing to
  do with the seasons.

67

• Because of precession, someday it will be summer
  everywhere on Earth at the same time.
• Yes, precession will naturally circularize the
  Earths orbit.
• Yes, precession will eventually reduce the
  Earths axis tilt.
• Yes, precession will make summers occur at the
  same time, but in what is now the northern spring
  and southern fall.
• Yes, but it would take tens of thousands of
  years, longer than current human history, for
  this to occur.
• No, precession only changes the direction in
  which the North Pole points, and has nothing to
  do with the seasons.