Accident Prevention

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Health Safety Management for QuarriesTopic Two

• Accident Prevention

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Objectives of this Topic

• To outline the difference between reactive and
  pro-active means of accident prevention.
• To provide a general overview of the different
  types of accident prevention measures common in
  industry today.
• To define the hierarchy of risk control.

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Accident Prevention

• Requires the creation and maintenance of a safe
  working environment, and the promotion of safe
  behaviour.
• Originally a reactive process - waiting for
  accidents or ill health to happen and then
  devising and implementing a prevention control.

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Accident Prevention
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Unsafe Acts Conditions in Quarries

• Unsafe Acts
• Operating equipment at improper speeds
• Operating equipment with authority
• Using equipment improperly
• Using defective equipment
• Failure to wear PPE
• Taking and improper working position
• Servicing equipment in motion
• Defeating safety devices

• Unsafe Conditions
• Inadequate guards
• Defective tools or equipment
• Congestion of working area
• Poor housekeeping
• Excessive noise
• Poor illumination
• Poor ventilation

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Operating Procedures

• Most common form of control measure
• In some cases the only practical way of managing
  a particular risk.
• Should allow for methodical execution of tasks.
• Should address the hazards that have been
  identified in the risk assessment.
• Requirement of law - Section 10 of the Quarry
  Regulations, 1999, it is the duty of the quarry
  operator to ensure that rules and procedures are
  in place for reasons of health and safety.

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A Safe System of Work

• Eliminates identified hazards and controls
  others.
• Plans to achieve the controlled completion of the
  work with minimum risk.
• Fundamental to accident prevention.
• Should fully document the hazards, precautions
  and safe working methods.

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• Safe design.
• Safe installation.
• Safe premises and plant.
• Safe tools and equipment.
• Correct use of plant, tools and equipment.
• Effective planned maintenance of plant and
  equipment.
• Proper working environment ensuring adequate
  lighting, heating and ventilation.
• Trained and competent employees.
• Adequate and competent supervision.
• Enforcement of safety policy and rules.
• Additional protection for vulnerable employees.
• Formalised issue and proper utilisation of all
  necessary clothing.
• Continued emphasis on adherence to the agreed
  safe method of work.
• Regular annual reviews of all systems of work to
  ensure-
• Compliance with current legislation.
• Systems are still workable in practice.
• Plant modifications are accounted for.
• Substituted materials are allowed for.
• New work methods are incorporated into the
  system.

Framework for Safe System of Work
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Maintenance

• Concerned with the reliability of machines or
  equipment.

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Permits to Work (PTW)

• Formal safe system of work
• Not generally used for low risk operations.
• Permit to Work Systems are required by Regulation
  18 of the Quarry Regulations, 1999.

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Permit to Work

• The essential elements of a PTW scheme are
• Full explanation of the hazards involved to the
  workforce.
• The work to be carried out is properly detailed
  and understood by both sides.
• The area in which the work to be carried out is
  properly detailed and understood by both sides.
• The area is which the work is to be carried out
  is clearly identified and made safe, or the
  hazards are highlighted.
• The workmen must sign the permit to say that they
  fully understand the work that is to be carried
  out, and the hazards and potential risks to be
  faced.
• When the work is finished, the workmen must sign
  off the permit to say that they have completed
  the specified work and left the operation in a
  suitable state.

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Training

• Training helps people acquire the skills,
  knowledge and attitudes to make them competent in
  the health and safety aspects of their work.
• There are generally two types of safety
  training-
• Specific safety training (or on the job training)
  for tasks of a specific nature.
• Planned training, such as general safety
  training, induction training, management
  training, skill training or refresher courses,
  that are planned by the organisation.

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Personnel Protective Equipment

• Personnel protective equipment (PPE) may be
  broadly divided as follows
• Hearing protection.
• Respiratory protection.
• Eye and face protection.
• Protective clothing.
• PPE does nothing to stop the hazard at source,
  but simply provides protection to reduce the
  severity of the potential accident.

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Personnel Protective Equipment

• It is only an effective control if worn and so
  any organisation which provides for the issue of
  PPE should
• Carry adequate stock.
• Enable accessibility at appropriate times.
• Respond to changing demands.
• Have a system for exchanging equipment.
• Be managed to ensure its effective running.

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Hierarchy of Control Measures

• Eliminate risk by substituting the dangerous for
  the less dangerous, e.g.
• Use less hazardous substances.
• Substitute a type of machine which is better
  guarded to make the same product.
• Avoid the use of certain processes.

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• Combat risks at source by engineering controls
  and giving collective protective measures
  priority, e.g
• Separate the operator from the risk of exposure
  to a known hazardous substance by enclosing the
  process.
• Protect the dangerous parts of a machine by
  guarding.
• Design process machinery and work activities to
  minimise the release, or to suppress or contain
  airborne hazards.
• Design machinery which is remotely operated and
  to which materials are fed automatically, thus
  separating the operator from danger areas.

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• Minimise risk by
• Designing suitable systems of working
• Using personal protective clothing and equipment,
  this should only be used as a last resort.
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• The hierarchy reflects an increased reliability
  in risk elimination and control by the use of
  physical engineering controls and safeguards
  compared to reliance on employees.