Joints

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Joints

• Mechanics and Injuries

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Articulations

• Connection between two bones
• Use of articulating cartilage

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Types of Joints

• Fibrous
• No movement
• Bound by tissue
• Sutures in skull

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Joint types cont

• Cartilaginous
• Bound by cartilage
• Slight movement
• Intervertebral disks

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Joint types

• Synovial
• Bone separated by fluid and cartilage
• Joined by ligaments
• Enclosed by capsule
• Knee, shoulder, elbow

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Parts of a Synovial Joint

• Bursae fluid filled sacs at friction points
• Joint Capsule- fibrous structure contains
  synovial fluid and fibrous capsule
• Fibrous capsule keeps synovial fluid from
  leaking
• Joint Cavity between the two bony surfaces,
  filled with synovial fluid
• Synovial fluid a jelly like fluid providing
  lubrication
• Synovial Membrane allows nutrients to pass
  through

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Types of Synovial Joints
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Joints

• Gliding - Connects flat or slightly curved bone
  surfaces i.e. between tarsals/carpals

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Ellipsoid allows movement in two planes i.e.
wrist
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Hinge have a convex portion of one bone fitting
into the concave portion of another i.e. elbow
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Pivot a rounded point of one bone fits into the
groove of another i.e. atlas and axis
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Saddle - like a rider on a horse saddle i.e.
thumb
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Ball and Socket ball of one bone fits into the
socket of another i.e. shoulder, hip
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LIGAMENT

• ATTACH BONE TO BONE
• SPRAINS

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TENDON

• ATTACH MUSCLE TO BONE

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VASCULARITY

• AMOUNT OF BLOOD SUPPLY
• LIGAMENTS AND TENDONS ARE AVASCULAR

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STRAINS, PULLS, AND TEARS

• DESCRIBE TISSUE DAMAGE
• STRAINS AND PULLS?TENDONS
• SPRAINS ? LIGAMENTS
• TEARS ? EITHER

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TENDINITIS

• INFLAMMATION OF A TENDON
• OVER USE OR ABNORMAL USE

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DISLOCATION

• BONE DISPLACED FROM ORIGINAL LOCATION

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SEPARATIONS

• FIBROUS JOINT TEAR

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CARTILAGE

• HYALINE? FREE MOVING JOINTS
• FIBROCARTILAGE ?BETWEEN VERT.
• ELASTIC ? EAR, NOSE
• YELLOW CARTILAGE

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SHIN SPLINTS

• ON TIBIA
• TEARING OF INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE OR PERIOSTEUM

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P.I.E.R. PRINCIPLE

• PRESSURE
• ICE
• ELEVATION
• RESTRICTION
• INJURY TREATMENT

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Q-ANGLE

• QUAD ANGLE
• ANGLE BETWEEN CENTRE OF PATELLA AND ANTERIOR
  SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE
• IF GREATER THAN 20o INCREASED RISK OF KNEE
  INJURIES

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OSGOOD-SCHLATTER SYNDROME

• EPIPHYSEAL PLATE OF TIBIA INFLAMMED
• DUE TO EXCESS JUMPING
• GROWING PAINS
• MORE COMMON IN BOYS

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PATELLOFEMORAL SYNDROME (PFS)

• ANTERIOR KNEE PAIN
• MISDIRECTED FORCES BETWEEN PATELLA AND FEMUR
• MORE COMMON IN GIRLS

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INVERSION SPRAINS

• USUALLY DUE TO JUMPING OR CHANGE IN DIRECTION
• ANKLE WEAK WHEN PLANTAR FLEXED

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EVERSION SPRAINS

• RARE DUE TO STRONG DELTOID LIGAMENT OF ANKLE
• LIGAMENT DOESNT TEAR BUT RIPS OFF TIP OF MEDIAL
  MALLEOLUS

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POTTS FRACTURE

• FORCE ON MEDIAL SIDE OF ANKLE
• DELTOID LIGAMENT RIPS OFF MEDIAL MALLEOLUS AND
  BREAKS FIBULA

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