New Horizon English Book 1

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New Horizon English Book 1 Unit 9
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Pre-reading activity (20ms)
?. Background Information
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The Futurist http//www.wfs.org/futurist.htm, a
bi-monthly magazine of predictions, trends and
ideas published since 1967, takes no position on
what the future will or should be but acts simply
as a clearing house for ideas. The World Future
Society http//www.wfs.org, located in Maryland,
produces five publications, manages a bookstore,
its web site http//www.wfs.org and its
membership of over 30,000. It is a not-for-profit
organization for educators and scientists
interested in how social and technical
developments shape the future. ?Lead-in
Activity Discuss in group the following
topics 1.       What the world will be like in
the future?
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While-reading Activity
?words and phrases
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New Words editor n. a person who prepares (a
newspaper, film, etc.) ?? He is the chief editor
of the newspaper. ?????????? futurist n. a
person who favors futurism ????? Futurists agree
that these directions will grow as
telecommunications networks become cheaper and
more capable. ?????????,??????????????,?????????
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publish vt. 1. bring out (a book, newspaper,
etc.) ?? He has published three novels.
????????? 2. make known in general ???? The
school published the exam results this morning.
?????????????? impose vt. 1. (on) put (a load,
or punishment) on?......??? The judge imposed a
fine of 100 on the guilty man.??????????100??? 2.
(on) establish (an additional bill)
officially?(??),??(??????) The company refused to
pay the taxes imposed on them.???????????? fate
n. power beyond human control that decides events
?? He does not believe in fate. ???????
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volunteer n. a person who offers to do something
??? One of the volunteers died in the fight
against the great flood. ???????????????? v.
offer to do something without pay or reward
?? She volunteered to clean the room. ????????
arithmetic n. U the science of numbers the
adding, dividing, etc. of numbers?? He teaches
arithmetic in that middle school. ?????????? a.
of or concerning arithmetic??? The pupils are
taking an arithmetic test. ???????????
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Predict vt. say in advance (what will happen)
?? It's hard to predict what will happen in the
new century.?????????????? performance n. 1.
the action or way of doing something ?? The
teacher praised him for his performance in class.
????????????????? 2. a show of music, a play,
etc. ?? There were quite a few good performances
at the party last night. ???????????? electrical
a. concerned with or using electricity
???????? electrical equipment???? electrical
appliances??
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analysis n. examination of something analyzing
?? This article is an analysis of the main
character in the novel. ???????????????? He based
his decision on an analysis of the figures.
????????????????????? diagnosis n. discovery of
the nature of a disease?? I need to have a second
test to establish the diagnosis.
????????,?????????
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treatment n. 1. the act or way of dealing with
a disease ?? My cold won't respond to treatment.
?????????????? Many patients are not getting the
medical treatment they need. ???????????????? 2.
dealing with ???? All visitors should receive
proper treatment. ?????????????? His treatment of
the problem doesn't satisfy his boss.
?????????????????
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interact vi. 1. have an effect on each
other???? ???? You have to understand the way
they interact. ?????????????? 2. exchange
information or instructions ???? Millions of
people want new ways of interacting with a
computer. ???????????????????????? interactive
a. 1. acting on each other ???????? There is
little information that this encourages
interactive teaching in the classroom.
??????????????????? 2. communicating (between the
user and the machine)(????)?????? This will make
computer games more interactive than ever.
???????????????????????
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alternative a. giving a choice from among more
than two things???? They had a right to seek
alternative employment. ???????????? n. a serious
choice (????)?? If he wants to get to Chicago by
tonight, he has no alternative but to go by
plane. ????????????,???????????? You have no
alternative about whether or not to work, but you
do have a choice of jobs. ????????,??????????????
????,?????????? toll n. a small sum of money
that one has to pay in order to use a particular
bridge or road (???????)?? A toll road is a road
which people have to pay to drive
on.????????????????
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engine n. a machine that turns power into
movement ????? The car's engine is out of order.
????????????? connection (?connexion) n. 1.
joining uniting?? computer connections ???? 2.
relations between two things, people, or groups
???? He refused to admit any connection to the
bombing. ??????????????? There is no support of a
connection between AIDS and smoking.
??????????????????
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household n. all the people living in a house
?? Many poor households are experiencing real
hard times.????????????????? a. concerned with
the management of a house ??? household costs
???? household business ???? security n. 1.
protection ???? strict security measures
????????? The money I've saved is my security
against hard times. ????????????? For security
reasons the passengers have to be
searched.??????,???????? 2. state of being secure
?? Living in such an area, he has no feeling of
security. ??????????????
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worldwide a. ad. in or all over the world
????(?) He enjoys a worldwide name.
??????????? The novel has sold 20 million copies
worldwide. ???????????????? site n. 1. a
station from which one can get information
through the Internet?? You may try some of the
following sites for the information about the
author. ????????????,??????????? 2. a place
???? Here is the site where we shot the film.
???????????????? He went to the building site by
bike. ???????????
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museum n. a building where old or important
objects from history, science, or the arts are
kept and shown ??? The museum opens from 10 a.m.
to 9 p.m. ???????????10????9?? facility n. 1.
pl. useful things ?? shopping facilities
???? sporting facilities ???? teaching facilities
???? 2. an advantage or opportunity??,??,?? A
free bus to the airport is a facility offered
only by this hotel. ??????????????????????
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database n. a computers organization of
information ??? a database of hotels?????
globe n. 1. the Earth ?? About 70 of our
globe's surface is water. ????70??? 2. an object
in the shape of a ball, especially one with a map
of the Earth painted on it ?????? Three large
globes stand on the floor. ???????????? The
ceiling light is now covered with a white globe.
???????????????? grocer n. a shop-keeper who
sells dry foods and other things for the home
????? She is a Chinese grocer's daughter.
??????????????
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purchase n. something that one buys ????? He was
pleased with his purchase. ????????????? vt.
buy?? He kept boasting about the new house he
purchased last month. ??????????????? widespread
a. 1. occurring in many places or among many
people ??? It is a widespread belief that China
will join the WTO. ???????????????? 2. wide open
fully extended ??? She greeted her son with
widespread arms. ????????????
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?Language Points
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Language Point 1 The future does not
determine itself. The actions of the present
determine the future. (Para. 2) Meaning The
future is not determined by itself but by the
actions we take today. Language Point 2
Edward Cornish, editor of "The Futurist"
magazine published by the World Future Society,
says (Para. 3) editor n. person who prepares
(a newspaper, film, etc.) a chief editor ??,???
a managing editor ???? A newspaper editor makes
the final decisions about which articles will be
printed. ??????????????????
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Language Point 3 The responsibility we have
for the future begins when we recognize that we
ourselves create the future that the future is
not something imposed upon us by fate or other
forces beyond our control. (Para. 4) Meaning It
is we who are responsible for the future. When we
know that we ourselves create the future, that
is, when we realize that it is we, not fate nor
other forces beyond our control, who determine
the future, our responsibility begins. Please
notice that the second "that" clause is the
explanation of the first that clause.
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Language Point 4 ...that the future is not
something imposed upon us by fate...(Para. 4)
impose on (upon) force on place on Parents
should not impose their own tastes on their
children. ????????????????? The higher income
taxes imposed on the people by the government
last year were very unpopular.????????????????????
????? The university is unwilling to impose upon
students the heavy responsibility of choosing
their own courses. ??????????????????????
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Language Point 5 ...or other forces beyond
our control. (Para. 4) beyond prep. outside the
limits of beyond our power ???????? beyond doubt
???? beyond compare ????? beyond
praise????? Language Point 6 Your brainwaves
may be checked to see whether you are busy, tired
or doing your work properly. (Para. 6) Meaning
Research work may be done on your brainwaves to
see if you are busy, tired or doing your work in
a suitable way. brainwave electric current
produced by rhythmic electric changes between the
parts of the brain
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Language Point 7 Psychologist Arthur F. Kramer
tested volunteers working on arithmetic problems
(Para. 7) Meaning Psychologist Arthur F. Kramer
tested willing persons who were trying to solve
arithmetic problems volunteer n. person offering
to do something without being forced This is a
huge project, but we have a lot of volunteers for
the most difficult work. ???????,?????????????????
????? After the dancing party, quite a lot of
young men stayed behind as volunteers to clean
the place. ????,??????????????? work on (upon)
have (something) as the subject of thought or
effort The scientists are still working on
inventing new methods of reaching outer space.
???????????????????? Is Tom still working on the
new book that he promised? ???????????????
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Language Point 8 He could predict their
performance from the strength of the brain's
electrical activity measured through the head.
(Para. 7) Meaning He could tell how good the
volunteers were in their work on the foundation
of the strength of the brain's electrical
activity that was measured through the head.
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Language Point 9 He could predict their
performance from the strength of the brain's
electrical activity(Para. 7) predict vt. say
in advance One can look to the future but can't
predict the future. ???????,???????? They predict
that about twenty percent of the students will
fail to pass the examination.??????20?????????
performance n. 1. action or way of doing
something Our football team's performance has
been poor during the whole year.??????????????? 2.
show of music, a play, etc. His performance at
the party last night was very good. ?????????????
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Language Point 10 Bosses could measure brain
activity to learn worker quality. (Para. 8)
Meaning Through measuring brain activity bosses
can learn how well a worker is performing to see
if he is working hard, or too tired to do the job
properly. Language Point 11 Frequent
computer analysis could tell whether workers,
like air traffic controllers, are seeing all
activity clearly enough to monitor it properly.
(Para. 8) Meaning Frequent computer analyses
could tell us whether workers such as air traffic
controllers have a clear picture of all the
activity in front of them so that they can
control the activity in a suitable way. Here "it"
refers to "activity".
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Language Point 12 Frequent computer analysis
...(Para. 8) analysis n. examination of
something analyzing Please note that "Analyses"
is the plural form of "analysis". My evaluation
of a work of art may be based not on analysis but
on a general impression. ??????????????????,??????
?? A general impression sometimes unconsciously
takes account of the important elements which are
not taken into account by an analysis.
??????????????????????????????????
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Language Point 13 ...are seeing all activity
clearly enough to monitor it properly. (Para. 8)
monitor vt. watch for a period of time for a
special purpose The instruments monitor the
patient's heartbeats. ????????????? Language
Point 14 More and more, doctors will use visual
information about your condition from computers,
instead of textbooks, for diagnosis and
treatment. (Para. 10) Meaning Increasing with
time, doctors will acquire the information about
your condition in their diagnosis and treatment
from computers. Instead of textbooks, they get
the information that can be seen on a computer
screen.
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Post-reading Activity
?Exercise (pp.178-183)
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1. Who or what determines our future? We
ourselves or our actions determine our future.2.
What was psychologist Arthur Kramers finding? He
found that he could predict the performance of
tested volunteers from the strength of the
brains electrical activity.3. What will the
21st Century doctors depend on in their medical
diagnosis and treatment? They will depend more on
computers in their medical diagnosis and
treatment.4. Will car driving be easier in the
21st Century with the help of computers?
Why? Yes. With computers, drivers know where they
are, what kind of problems their car engines have,
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5. How will computers help students in the future
do their homework assignments? Through computer
connections, students in the future will get
worldwide resources from suchsources as museums,
libraries, databases, and other science
facilities all around the world. Theycan also get
assistance from teachers and fellow students
around the globe.6. What will be more important
to the success of a business? Information and
specialists will be more important to the success
of a business.
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• 7. Will the environment in the future change for
  the better? Why?
• Yes. There are two reasons for this first,
  governments and businesses now realize the
  importanceof environmental protection and
  second, they are taking actions to protect the
  environment. Forexample, many European countries
  and the United States check automobiles for gas
  and smokeemissions.
• 8. What do most doctors do now for the health of
  patients?
• On one hand, they prescribe pills for them on
  the other, they require them to focus on
  healthylifestyles by changing diets and using
  more exercise as means to keep well.

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Fill in the blanks with the words given below.
Change the form where necessary.
1.       She failed badly in the performance of
her duty as a secretary. 2.       No one should
do anything to prevent farmers from knowing the
governments policy/policies on
agriculture. 3.       The animals that are most
suited to the environment will be those that will
survive. 4.       Smiling and laughing has
actually been shown to reduce tension and stress.
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• 5.       This will make computer games more
  interactive.
• 6.       He is now focusing on a career as a
  specialist in computers.
• 7.       To improve your chances of profit you
  have to plan your business policy carefully.
• 8.       The company has recently placed a(n)
  advertisement for staff in the local newspaper.

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Fill in each of the blanks in the following
sentences with a suitable preposition or
adverb.1. If you impose your opinions or beliefs
on/upon other people, you try to make people
accept them as a rule or as a model to copy. 2.
When all the instruments had been checked
out/over , he signaled that he was ready to start
the engine.3. Much information about computer
science has been acquired through hard work since
last year.
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• 4. Before I pay Id like to know what I pay
  for.5. Any driver who drives his or her car at a
  speed of 160 km on this highway will be billed
  for/up to 500.6. He gave a happy cry when the
  information hed been looking for appeared on the
  small screen of the computer.7. Many shoppers
  order their groceries at home through/from
  Internet suppliers and have their purchases
  delivered.8. Twice he had raised the money and
  started up a small business of his own, and twice
  he failed.

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Rewrite the following sentences by omitting the
word if. 
1. If you should fail to solve the arithmetic
problem, come to me. Should you fail to solve
the arithmetic problem, come to me.2. If your
car should break down, change to a bus. Should
your car break down, change to a bus.3. If a
serious crisis should arise, the public would
have to be informed of what it means. Should a
serious crisis arise, the public would have to be
informed of what it means.
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• 4. If you should fail in the exam, your parents
  and teachers would not blame you. Should you
  fail in the exam, your parents and teachers would
  not blame you.5. If you should change your mind,
  no one would say anything against it. Should you
  change your mind, no one would say anything
  against it.

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Study the model and then rewrite the following
sentences by using the structure of make it
adj. for somebody to do something. 
1. Its difficult for teachers and students to
have proper teaching and learning because of the
poor teaching facilities. The poor teaching
facilities make it difficult for teachers and
students to have proper teaching andlearning.2.
It is hard for one to start up a new business
because of lack of money. Lack of money makes it
hard for one to start up a new business.
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• 3. With frequent computer analyses it is
  possible for a manager to tell whether a worker
  is performing well in his work.  Frequent
  computer analyses make it possible for a manager
  to tell whether a worker is performingwell in his
  work.4. With the Internet it is easier for
  shoppers to order their groceries at home. The
  Internet makes it easier for shoppers to order
  their groceries at home.5. Because of the new
  teaching building it is possible for the
  university to admit more students this year. The
  new teaching building makes it possible for the
  university to admit more students this year.

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Translate the following sentences into
English.1. ?21??,?????????????,???????? In the
21st Century people will order their goods at
home through the Internet and have
themdelivered.2. ????????,????????????????? The
increase in information and knowledge about
management will be more important to
topmanagers.3. ????????????,????????(under
siege)?? As smoking advertising is banned in
many areas, smoking cigarettes will be under
siege.
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• 4. ??????,??????????????????????????? Eight out
  of every ten students will use sources such as
  museums and science facilities in doingtheir
  homework assignments.5. ???????????????????????
  It is what we do and what we do not do that
  determine our future.

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Translate the following into Chinese.Future
tasks computers already do at home
includeComputers turn on the lights, heating
and essential household services before people
arrive home from work. Computers control cooking,
hot water, security. Computers enable homework
assignments to be done with worldwide resources,
using sites like museums and science facilities
around the world. Homework help can come equally
from the local library, or libraries and
databases in places as far apart as New York and
London, or from teachers and fellow students
around the globe. Many shoppers order groceries
at home through Internet suppliers and have
purchases delivered.
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• ??????????????????????,?????????????????????????
  ?????????????,???????????????????????,???????????
  ?????????????,???????????????????,????????????????
  ???????,???????????????,?????????????????????????
  ?????????,???????????