THE POLITICAL ORDER

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THE POLITICAL ORDER
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BASIC CONCEPTS

• POLITICAL Involving the distribution of power
  across the institutions, organizations, and
  individuals of a society.
• POWER The ability to achieve one ends despite
  resistance
• AUTHORITY The socially legitimated use of power

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TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY

• TRADITIONAL Authority that is legitimated by the
  historical beliefs and practices of society
• Monarchs, emperors, and nobility--often found in
  communal societies-- undermined by a radical
  change in society

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LEGAL-RATIONAL AUTHORITY

• Legal-Rational Authority that derives its
  legitimacy from the rules and laws that define
  the rights, duties, and obligations of rulers and
  followers.

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STATE AND GOVERNMENT

• STATE The highest political authority within a
  given territory.
• GOVERNMENT The set of people currently engaged
  in directing the state.

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AUTHORITARIAN STATE

• AUTHORITARIAN STATE A state in which 1) the
  people are excluded from the process of
  government, 2) little or no opposition to the
  government is permitted, 3) the government has
  little interest in the daily lives of the people
  unless they threaten state leadership.

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MONARCHY

• MONARCHY A system of rule in which political
  power is passed from person to person on the
  basis of hereditary claims.
• May be a constitutional monarchy (power sharing
  arrangement)-- Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain
  or King Abdullah II of Jordan

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TOTALITARIAN STATE

• TOTALITARIAN STATE A state that has unlimited
  power, tolerates no opposition, and exercises
  close control over its citizens.
• Cuba, Iraq, China

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DEMOCRATIC STATE

• DEMOCRATIC A system that allows people to have
  an input into government decisions and permits
  the people to elect and dismiss leaders.
• Congress Vs Parliament different politics
• POLITICS Behavior aimed toward obtaining
  political power

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THE CASE OF HONG KONG

• Former British Dependency since 1841
• Consists of Hong Kong Island, Stonecutters
  Island, Kowloon Peninsula, and the New
  Territories on the adjoining mainland--416 sq..
  miles, 7million people, 17,000 per square mile
  (Ohio 265)

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HONG KONG MAP
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MORE HONG KONG

• Successful capitalism and democracy
• GNP Hong Kong 22,570 China
  3,550 Japan
  25,270 Singapore 22,650
  United States 31,910 UK
  22,220 France 23,020
  Russia 6,990
  

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HONG KONG AGAIN

• NEGOTIATIONS British Government and the PRC
• Hong Kong handed back to the PRC on June 30,
  1997,
• Hong Kong would retain its status as a free port
  and its social,economic, and legal system as a
  special administrative region of China

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HK SAR NEGOTIATIONS

• ONE COUNTRY, TWO SYSTEMS
• PRC promised Hong Kongs lifestyle would not
  change for 50 years and that freedom Of speech,
  press, assembly, association, travel, right to
  strike and religion would be guaranteed by law.
  However, the Chief Executive and much of the
  legislature appointed by Beijing.

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HANDOVER DAY 2002

• Gloomy skies over HK handover anniversary
• July 1, 2002 Posted 534 AM EDT (0934 GMT
• HONG KONG, China (CNN) -- Hong Kong is marking
  the fifth anniversary of its transfer to Chinese
  rule, with low-key ceremonies under stormy skies
  mirroring a widespread economic gloom cast over
  the former British colony.

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HANDOVER DAY 2002

• With Chinese President Jiang Zemin in the
  territory for the anniversary, protest groups
  planned to take to the streets to demonstrate
  against what they say are worsening human rights
  and the government's poor economic record and
  rising numbers of layoffs

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CONCERNS

• Maintaining Freedoms
• Economic Growth
• Economic Competition with Mainland
• Language and Education

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NATIONS AND STATES

• NATION a group that lives within a given
  territory and shares a common history culture and
  identity.
• NATION-STATE the supreme political authority
  within a territory that incorporates and
  represents a nation

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NATIONS/STATES

• NATIONS WITHOUT STATES American Indian tribes,
  French-speaking of Quebec, Palestinians,
  Catholics in Northern Ireland
• STATES WITHOUT NATIONS several African states
  made up of different and sometimes warring tribal
  nations

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THE POLITICS OF EXCLUSION..AND HATE

• POLITICS OF EXCLUSION involves identification of
  the people we define as we and the people whom
  we define as they.
• Those defined as we are those to whom we feel
  we have a moral obligation. To those defined as
  they, we feel no moral obligation. We/they are
  matters of degree.

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TECHNIQUES OF EXCLUSION

• DEMONIZING they are evil
• SHIFTING-THE-BLAME they asked for it
• ROUTINIZING VIOLENCE repeated violence become
  habitual and numbing
• DEHUMANIZING they are subhuman and need not be
  treated with human dignity

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WARFARE AND TERRORISM

• WARFARE the legitimate activity of the state
  exercising its monopoly of force.
• TERRORISM organized illegitimate violence for
  political ends by an oppositional group. Today,
  its more like a loosely coupled global system

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MODERN WARFARE

• Citizens armies rather than mercenary troops
• High tech, long range weapons for damage, troops
  on the ground for control.
• Large scale logistical support

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HUMAN RIGHTS

• HUMAN RIGHTS those broadly defined rights to
  which all people are entitled by virtue of their
  humanity.
• Even among democratic governments, the first line
  of defense of human rights is often left to
  voluntary organizations such as Amnesty
  International.