CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM

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CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMFORESTRYOPPORTUNIT
IES FOR CAMBODIAN FORESTERS AND
CONSERVATIONISTSby Thanakvaro T. De Lopez
CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT for theCLEAN DEVELOPMENT
MECHANISM for CAMBODIA (CD4CDM-CAM) National
Workshop on Capacity Development for the Clean
Development Mechanism 26-27 March 2003 Phnom
Penh, Cambodia
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OUTLINE

• Part I Climate Change and Forestry
• Part II International Examples of Carbon
  Sequestration Projects in the Forestry Sector
• Part III Opportunities for CDM Projects in the
  Cambodian Forestry Sector

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PART ICLIMATE CHANGE AND FORESTRY
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Forests and Climate Change

• Some 25 of annual global emissions of CO2 result
  from deforestation
• Carbon Sequestration The growth of vegetation
  and forests removes CO2 from the atmosphere.

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Forests and CO2 Flows
Atmospheric CO2

• Photosynthesis
• CO2 Removal

CO2 Release Respiration Decomposition Combustion
Carbon Stock
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Forests and Climate Change Mitigation

• Forests are carbon sinks and reservoirs
• Conservation of existing forests
• Increase of forest cover
• Increase of carbon stored in forests

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Forestry Activities Eligible for CDM

• General eligibility rule conversion of
  non-forest land to forest land
• Definition of Forest minimum land area of
  0.05-1.0 ha crown cover of at least 10-30
  trees with potential to reach minimum height of
  2-5 meters.

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Forestry Activities Eligible for CDM

• Real measurable emission reductions certified by
  independent agency
• Conformity with national sustainable development
  strategy
• Contribution to biodiversity conservation and
  sustainable use of natural resources

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Forestry Activities Eligible for CDM

• Afforestation conversion into forest of
  non-forest land
• Reforestation planting of trees on degraded
  forest land or former forest land

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Forestry Activities Eligible for CDM

• Afforestation limited to land that has not been
  a forest for at least 50 years
• Reforestation limited to land that has not been
  a forest since 31 December 1989

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PART IIInternational Examples of Carbon
Sequestration Projects in the Forestry Sector
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Infapro, Malaysia

• Location 25,000 ha logged dipterocarp forest in
  Eastern Sabah
• Parties (1) Face Foundation (Forests Absorbing
  Carbon dioxide Emissions) (2) Innoprise
  Corporation, Malaysian governmental forestry
  organisation

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Infapro, Malaysia

• Activities rainforest rehabilitation with
  enrichment planting using 35 indigenous tree
  species

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Infapro, Malaysia

• Investment US 15 million
• Duration plantation over 25 years with 60 year
  growth cycle (started in 1992)
• Sequestration 15.6 million tons of CO2
• Average cost US 0.95 per ton of CO2

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Plan Vivo, Mexico

• Location Chiapas, Southern Mexico
• Parties (1) FIA, Formula One Foundation (2)
  Ambio, cooperative of Foresters (3) local
  community groups and small farmers associations

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Plan Vivo Objectives

• To sequester carbon with sustainable forestry

• To Generate benefits for local livelihoods

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Plan Vivo Activities plantations, agroforestry,
communal reforestation
Carbon Sequestered tC/ha
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Plan Vivo, Mexico

• Investment US 15 million
• Sequestration 5000 to 13000 tons of CO2 per year
• Average price US 3.6 per ton of CO2

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PART IIIOpportunities for CDM Projects in the
Cambodian Forestry Sector
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OPPORTUNITIES IN CAMBODIAN FORESTRY

• On-going tree planting programmes forest
  plantation, National Arbor Day and Community
  Forestry
• Potential land for carbon sequestration
  disturbed forest areas (estimated at some 1.5
  million ha by MoE) and non-forest areas

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ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE

• Location Heavily deforested south-central
  provinces (e.g. Kompong Cham, Kandal)
• Activities community forestry and
  agroforestry10,000 ha reforested
• Sequestration 1 million tons CO2 over 10 years
• Revenues from CDM US 3 million at US 3 per ton
  CO2

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What needs to be done to take advantage of CDM
opportunities

• Capacity building / human resources development
• Research in Cambodian forest ecosystems
• Set up procedures and guidelines for CDM forestry
  projects
• Actively develop CDM projects
• Actively seek out CDM partners

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CONCLUSIONS
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CONCLUSIONS

• CDM may provide financing for afforestation
  reforestation activities in Camdodia
• Large potential for CDM implementation in the
  Cambodian forestry sector
• Stakeholders (government, NGOs, private
  companies) ought to actively pursue efforts to
  take advantage of CDM opportunities