Emergence of Nation States

1
Emergence of Nation States

• Late Medieval Period

2
What is a nation-state?

• Large group of people sharing common language,
  territory, and government.
• Rise of nation-states in Europe marked end of
  feudalism.
• 1st nation-states England, France, Spain, and
  Russia

3
William the Conqueror

• 1066 AD King Edward dies without heir for
  England
• Brother-in-law Harold and Cousin William (Duke of
  Normandy) fight for throne
• Meet at Battle of Hastings William wins.
• Known as Norman Conquest
• Became King of England on
• Christmas Day, 1066.
• Successfully unites
• most of England

4
William the Conqueror-Still needs a date to prom!
5
Henry II

• Inherits English throne in 1154
• Reforms Justice system
• Changed law to reflect accepted customs
• Began Common Law legal system based on custom
  and court decisions
• Common Law, unlike Feudal Law, applied to all of
  England.
• Developed 1st jury system

6
Henry II
7
John

• Son of Henry II
• Weak and abusive ruler
• Forced extreme taxes and misused power
• 1215 Nobles banded together and forced John to
  sign the Magna Carta
• Magna Carta Great Charter

8
Magna Carta

• Document severely limited Kings powers
• Included clause protecting all men from being
  arrested/imprisoned EXCEPT
• by legal judgment of peers or law of land
• We know this as Due Process of Law
• When 1st written, Magna Carta only helped Nobles
  later applied to all people

9
Magna Carta
10
Hugh Capet

• Feudal nobles of FRANCE elect him to be new king
  in 987 AD.
• Made French throne hereditary
• Expanded French kingdom

11
Hundred Years War

• 1337-1453
• England and France fight over land
• England wins many early battles.
• Helps to define both England and France as
  separate nations

12
Joan of Arc

• French teenager who asked Charles the Dauphin to
  lead army against England
• Charles was heir to throne
• Joan said God told her to save France
• She lead them to victory in Battle of Orleans
• Later taken captive by English, tried for
  witchcraft, and burned at the stake in 1431.

13
Joan of Arc
14
The Muslims in Spain

• Christians fight Muslims to regain control of
  Spain.
• This campaign to drive out Muslims in Spain is
  known as the Reconquista
• Lasts for 700 years!
• Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon marry
  and unite territories
• Final drive against Muslims works in 1492.

15
Ferdinand and Isabella

• Successfully united most of Spain.
• Supported exploration (Christopher Columbus).
• Completed the Reconquista in 1492.

16
King Philip II of Spain

• 1556-1598 AD
• Used gold and silver from Spanish conquests in
  Peru and Mexico to make Spain wealthy.
• Also conquers Netherlands, Sicily, Portugal,
  Italy, and Philippines, etc.
• MAJOR CONTRIBUTION IS EXPANDING SPANISH EMPIRE!

17
King Philip II of Spain
18
The Mongols

• 1200s Mongols took over Russia
• Kept power for 240 years
• Over time, Russians united under Ivan II to
  overthrow the Mongols.
• Ivan III (Ivan the Great) became czar (tsar) of
  Russia.

19
Ivan The Great

• Defeat the Mongols.
• United much of Russia together.
• Earned the nickname moneybags.
• Called Russia the Third Rome and took the title
  of caesar or czar.

20
In Conclusion

• Eastern Orthodox Church made headquarters in
  Moscow, Russia
• City became political center as well as spiritual
  center

http//bestanimations.com/Cartoons/WarnerBros/Warn
erBros.html