Harold S. Blackman

1
Energy and Water-Globally and Locally

• Harold S. Blackman

2
Demand for Electricity and Water is Outpacing
Supply
3
Global Population 2050
9 billion
4
DESPERATE ENERGY NEED
ACCELERATING GROWTH
ONGOING DEMAND
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Energy and Water are Inextricably Linked
Energy production and generation require water
thermal electric power generation is the second
largest user of water in the United States

• Power Plants
• 132,000 Mgal/day withdrawn
• 3,000 Mgal/day consumed
• Irrigation
• 134,000 Mgal/day withdrawn
• 81,399 Mgal/day consumed

Water pumping, treatment, and distribution
require energy 80 of the cost of treating,
processing and pumping water is for energy
Source Estimated Use of Water in the United
States in 1995, USGS Circular 1200, 1998
6
By 2020 our growing population will require
393,000 megawatts of NEW generating capacity

• This requires 1,300 to 1,900 new power plants
  more than one built each week
• Water will become a critical issue for the power
  industry
• Population grows, energy demands increase, and
  freshwater supplies remain constant, which means
  less water
• Population shifts without regard to water (25
  growth in intermountain west, 2 growth in
  Northeast)
• Growing population consumes more food, with the
  two largest water users- energy and agricultural
  producers, further complicates the problem

7
Conservation Alternative Energy Sources Cannot
Meet the Demands

• Renewable/sustainable energy sources supply only
  2 of U.S. electricity
• Conservation and diverse energy technologies
  could potentially save 33 of current energy
  consumption if implemented over 10 years. This
  is slightly greater than current U.S. oil imports
• Conservation and use of renewables can help but
  cannot meet global energy demands
• Solar high land use demands, not cost-effective
  in all areas of the world
• Wind high maintenance, high land use demands,
  harmful to migratory fowl, not effective
  everywhere
• Biofuels requires fossil fuel input, displaces a
  food source
• Hydro limited remaining siting locations,
  impeding spawning routes of fish

8
The Crucial Premise for Action

• Humankind cannot conceivably achieve a global
  clean-energy revolution without a huge expansion
  of nuclear power
• To generate electricity
• To produce battery power and possibly hydrogen
  for tomorrows vehicles
• To desalinate seawater in response to the worlds
  rapidly emerging fresh-water crisis
• But, what are the local options for renewables?

9
Geothermal Energy

• Geoscience Research
• INL is the Lead Lab for Geoscience
• EGS characterization and development
• Numerical tools for reservoir management
• Exploration and Drilling
• Numerical methods for Basin Range exploration
• Optimum exploration strategy development
• Energy Conversion
• Coupled reservoir/power plant management
• Performance enhancement and process monitors
• Outreach
• GeoPowering the West

10
Hydropower

• Advanced Hydropower Turbine Systems Research
• Low-Head/Low-Power Resource and Technology
  Assessment
• Virtual Hydropower Prospector
• Unconventional technology field testing

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Wind and Power Systems

• Wind Energy
• DOD wind and hybrid power systems
• Resource assessments
• Wind turbine radar interactions
• WindPowering America
• Power System Technologies
• Integration of renewable and conventional power
  systems
• Power system control, reliability, and security
• Interconnect standard development
• Design and technical support

12
Bioenergy
Develop and demonstrate a suite of key
technologies that enable a sustainable
biorefinery of the future to produce bio-based
energy, fuels, chemicals and other products.

• Biomass Refining RD Areas
• Filtration and Separation - biomass
  hydrolysis/refining products
• Extremophilic Biocatalysis and Catalysis -
  chemical products/intermediates
• Gasification
• CO2 Utilization (emerging) - synthesis fuel
  products

• Feedstock Assembly RDAreas
• Plant Science/Production
• Harvesting And Collection
• Storage
• Preprocessing and Handling

13
Biofuels RD Focused on Idahos Existing
Agriculture Industry

• Biofuels
• Bio Methane production from dairy waste
• Ethanol production from agricultural waste- non
  food sources
• Build on existing INL, U of I, ISU, and BSU
  strengths
• Work collaboratively with Idaho Office of Energy
  Resources
• Develop regional industrial partnerships
• Focus on Idaho and regional opportunities

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Dairy Waste has the greatest bio-methane
potential in Idaho
Idaho is the 4th largest dairy producing state in
the U.S.
Mature Animal Summary (July 2008, Idaho Bureau
of Dairying) 635 Total Producers 549,973 Mature
animals 252 dairies with lt 200 animals 86 dairies
with gt2000 animals
Density of Dairy Cattle in Idaho
Realistic estimates of gt30 MW potential
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Ethanol Production Potential in Idaho
1 ton of straw 80 gal. Ethanol
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A Balanced Energy Portfolio is Needed for Our
Future
ALL concentrated and large-scale forms of energy
generation have costs, risks, and environmental
impacts