Goals of Japans Energy and Environment Policy

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Goals of Japans Energy and Environment Policy
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Goals of Japans Energy and Environment Policy

• Climate change policy should be developed and
• implemented so as to contribute to both the
  environment and
• economy by making the best use of
  technological innovation
• and innovative ideas in economic circles.
• Japan assists developing countries with its
  climate-friendly
• technologies.

In the short term

• Achievement of the Kyoto Target
• The Kyoto Target Achievement Plan (2005) based
  on review and
• assessment of the current climate change
  policy programme

In the medium and long term

• Establishment of Low Carbon Society
• on the basis of long-term outlooks for energy and
  CO2 emissions
• through development and diffusion of innovative
  technologies

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Framework of Japans Energy Policy
In utilizing market mechanism, full
consideration will be given to other two policy
goals.
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Stabilization of global GHG concentrations
In order to stabilize the atmospheric
concentration of CO2, carbon emissions from the
burning of fossil fuels need to be balanced with
the terrestrial and ocean carbon uptake. To
balance emissions and uptake, emissions must be
drastically reduced to less than half of the
current level. The IPCC scenario for stabilizing
at 550 ppm (WRE550) shows that, although
emissions need to be reduced to less than half
of the current level, about one-fourth reduction
will be necessary in comparison with the future
emission peak.
Emission scenarios to stabilize atmospheric CO2
concentration
(Source) IPCC (2001)
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2030 Energy Demand-Supply Structure in Japan
Energy demand will begin to drop In the
reference case, energy demand will take a
downturn in fiscal 2021, mainly due to energy
conservation technologies and introduction of
efficient equipment along with industrial and
socioeconomic structure change. Energy supply
structure will gradually change The spread of
distributed power generating systems will
increase demand for natural gas to increase its
share. Nuclear power will continue to secure a
stable share as a power source. Oil, despite a
decrease in share, will continue to be an
important source of energy that accounts for
around 40 of the total energy supply. Given
progress in the introduction of new energy
technologies, renewables may attain a share of
around 10.
Domestic Primary Energy Supply (103 kloe)
Final Energy Consumption (103 kloe)
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Long-term Outlook for CO2 emission

• Technologies and nuclear energy are key for
  reducing CO2 emission
• in growing economy
• Line 1 As RD affords considerable potential
  for energy conservation, CO2 emissions may
• begin to fall around 2020 in spite
  of steady economic growth.
• Line 2 Introduction of additional nuclear
  plants also has enormous impact.
• Line 3 Further introduction of advanced
  technologies has enormous impact which would
  reduce
• CO2 level in 2030 well below 1990
  level.
• Line 4 GOJ pursues Kyoto Protocol target with
  additional measures.

?Energy-Related CO2 Emissions?
Line1
Line2
Line4
Line1 Reference case 10 additional nuclear
plants expected. Line2 Nuclear-high case 17
additional nuclear plants expected Line3
Additional RD case Line4 Additional measures
case for Kyoto Target
Line3
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Japans Energy Efficiency

• Japan has been the most successful in decoupling
  energy demand from
• economic growth. Japans level of energy
  efficiency has been better than
• other developed countries.
• - Accordingly, marginal abatement cost of Japan
  is higher.
• - The manufacturing industry has played a key
  role for drastic energy
• efficiency improvement during 1970s and 1980s.

Fig Energy consumption per GDP in EU15,
US and Japan
Fig Energy consumption per production of
the manufacturing industry in Japan
Fig Marginal cost calculation for each
country to achieve its Kyoto target
(Source) IPCC (2001)
(Source) IEEJ-EDMC, Handbook of energy
economic statistics in Japan
(Source) IEA, Energy Balances of OECD Countries
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Key for Success New Technologies (1)
- Innovative technologies are necessary for
sustainable development. -The Government of
Japan has put emphasis on energy-related RD with
a view to reducing emissions not only
domestically but also globally.
Fig Energy-related RD investment
by government
Fig Importance of innovative technologies
in CO2 emission reduction
GAP
(Source) Battelle (2000)
(Source) IEA (2002)
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Key for Success New Technologies (2)

• Energy conservation technologies

Fig Total worldwide installations of
photovoltaic power system

• - Light-emitting diode (Lights for the 21st
  Century)
• Low energy consumption (10 of incandescent
  lighting)
• Long life (10 times fluorescent lighting)
• Saving of stand-by electricity consumption
• High performance boiler laser
• 17 improvement of thermal efficiency
• Photovoltaic power generation
• GOJ has been concentrated on supporting RD
  program
• to contribute to global dissemination of
  PV.
• - Biomass
• - 5 million vehicles by 2020 in Japan.

• Renewable energy technologies

(Source) IEA PVPS

• Fuel cell

• Promotion of nuclear power

• Carbon sequestration technologies

• Clean technologies of fossil fuel

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Key for Success Efficiency Improvement (1)
-Energy efficiency is a key for striking a
balance between environment and economy. -The
Top Runner Program was introduced in 1998 as
energy conservation standards for
home/office appliances and fuel efficiency
standards for automotives.
Fig. Example of Top Runner Program
Table Examples of covered equipment (18
equipments are covered in total.)
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Key for Success Efficiency Improvement (2)
-The Top Runner Program has -stimulated
competition and innovation in the market,
-diffused existing technologies, and
-enhanced industrial competitiveness -It
created win-win situation and virtuous cycle.
Fig. Average fuel consumption for gasoline
passenger vehicles, and Top
Runner ratio
Fig Energy efficiency of refrigerator
km/L
(Source) JEMA (2002)
The target is 23 improvement of efficiency in
2010.(Base year is 1995.)
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Key for Success Efficiency Improvement (3)

• -As for industry sector, incentive for better
  competitiveness needs to be
• utilized.
• They know their own technologies and facilities
  best.
• Best practices and best available technologies
  need to be globally shared.
• Sectoral approach is effective for this purpose
  and can make technology
• transfer easier.

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