Lesson Two

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Indiana Water Operator Training
Lesson Two
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Indiana Water Operator Training
Indiana Department of Environmental Management
Indiana Rural Water Association
American Water Works Association
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Lesson Two DSS Operators

• DSS systems and operators
• Pressure tanks
• Storage tanks
• Cross connection control
• Coliform and nitrate monitoring
• Lead and copper monitoring
• Chemical contaminant monitoring

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Classification of water distribution systems and
water treatment plants
Distribution systems
DSSClass DSS (distribution system small)
includes systems that (A) serve a population of
less than three thousand three hundred one
(3,301) and (B) have no components other
than (i) pressure tanks or (ii) storage tanks
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Classification of water system operators
Water operator certification qualifications
DSS Grade DSS is a certified operator qualified
to operate a Class DSS water distribution system
after having fulfilled the following requirements
(A) Possess a high school diploma or its
equivalent (B) Meet the qualifications of the
certification rule (C) Attain a minimum of one
(1) year of acceptable work experience in
the operation of a Class DSS water distribution
system
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Pressure tanks Types
Standard galvanized pressure tank
Type oneIncrease in waterheight compressesair
in tank
Type twoAir compressoradds pressure to tank
High absorption of air and gases
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Pressure tanks Types
Precharged pressure tank
Rigid float
Air compressorneeded to rechargea few times
per year
Increase in waterheight compressesair in tank
Much lower absorption of air and gases
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Pressure tanks Types
Sealed diaphragm pressure tank
Increase in waterheight compressesair in tank
Sealed bladderexpands and contractsas water
volumechanges
Eliminates absorption of air and gases
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Pressure tank Sizing
Size tank to avoid excessive cycling of pump

• Figure 10 Gallons per 1 GPM of pump capacity
• Examples
• If well pumps 20 GPM, then tank 200 gallons(10
  x 20 200)
• If well pumps 30 GPM, then tank 300 gallons(10
  x 30 300)

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Pressure tanks Multiple tanks
From pump
To system
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Storage tanksGround level
Top of hill
Tank
Good Village, Indiana
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Storage tanksFiguring pressure
Tank
1 foot of head .4333 pounds pressure2.31
feet 1 pound pressure
100 feet high
100 x .4333 43.33 pounds per square inch (PSI)
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Storage tanksElevated
Good Village, Indiana
Legged tank
Standpipe
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Storage tanksComponents
Vent
Tank
Overflow pipe
Altitudevalve
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Storage tanksFiguring pressure
Tank
100 feet high
141 feet total height
Hill
41 feet high
141 x .4333 61 PSI
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Cross connection control

• A cross connection is any actual or potential
  connection between a public water supply and a
  source of contamination or pollution
• Examples
• Factories
• Hospitals
• Cooling water tanks
• Mortuaries
• Lawn irrigation systems
• Fire suppression systems
• Mop sinks

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Cross connection control Backflow
Top of Hill
Water main
Bottom of hill
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Cross connection control Air gap
2 timespipediameterair gap1 minimum
Coolingwater orotherprocesstank
Public water supply
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Coliform and Nitrate monitoring Coliform
Population Served Minimum Number of Samples
Monthly 25 to 1,000 1 1,001 to
2,500 2 2,501 to 3,300 3 3,301 to 4,100
4 4,101 to 4,900 5 4,901 to 5,800 6
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Coliform and Nitrate monitoring Coliform

• If any routine sample is unsatisfactory
  (positive),
• repeat samples must be taken within 24 hours of
  notification
• Normal samples per month Number of repeat
  samples
• 1 at least 4
• 2 or more at least 3
• 1 sample from location that produced positive
• 1 sample within 5 connections upstream
• 1 sample within 5 connections downstream
• 4th sample (if required) anywhere else from system

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Coliform and Nitrate monitoring Coliform
If any repeat sample is positive,you must issue
a public notification for MCL violation Tier 1
(immediate)
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Coliform and Nitrate monitoring Coliform
All public water systems are required to collect
5 distribution samples the month after any
unsatisfactory total Coliform sample Example 1
sample in May OK 1 sample in June Positive 4
more samples in June All OK 5 samples in
July All OK 1 sample in August OK
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Coliform and Nitrate monitoring Nitrate

• Monitoring for Nitrate by community public water
  supplies is based upon water source (ground or
  surface) and the levels of Nitrate that have been
  previously detected in the system's water
• Samples are obtained from the first place water
  can be drawn after any treatment, or the tap
  closest to the well if there is not any treatment

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Coliform and Nitrate monitoring Nitrate

• MCL is 10 mg/l
• If 10 20 mg/l, children 6 months and
  youngermay not drink the water
• continuous public posting with health
  warningsmust be made
• If gt 20 mg/l, system must remediate the
  contamination

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Coliform and Nitrate monitoring Nitrate
Appendix B 1
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Lead and Copper monitoring

• Monitoring required for
• Community systems
• Nontransient noncommunity systems

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Lead and Copper monitoring Lead

• Drinking water corrodes lead-containingplumbing
  materials
• Faucets
• Solder
• Short-term health effects include interference
  with red
• blood cell chemistry, delays in normal physical
  and mental
• development in babies and young children,
  deficits inattention span, hearing, and learning
  abilities of children
• and slight increases in the blood pressure of
  some adultsLong-term exposure can cause stroke,
• kidney disease, and cancer

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Lead and Copper monitoring Copper

• Drinking water corrodes copper-containingplumbing
  materials
• Pipes
• Valves
• Copper is a nutrient that is metabolized
• by the body
• Copper can cause the following
• Health effects stomach and intestinal distress,
  liver andkidney damage, and anemia. Persons with
  WilsonsDisease may be more sensitive than
  others tothe effects of copper contamination

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Lead and Copper monitoring Action levels
An action level is is a level, when the water is
sampled,that ninety percent (90) of samples
must be below Action level for lead (Pb) is
0.015 mg/L Action level for copper (Cu) is 1.3
mg/L
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Lead and Copper monitoring Sampling

• Collected at kitchen or bath cold water tap in
  homes
• Collected at drinking water taps in businesses
• Water must have been in contact with plumbingfor
  at least 6 hours (first draw)
• Initially, samples are collected for 2
  consecutive six-monthmonitoring periods (January
  to June and July to December)
• Sampling is reduced to once per year for 3 years
• Then once every 3 years

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Lead and Copper monitoring Sampling
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Lead and Copper monitoring If action level
exceeded

• Contact DWB immediately
• Water quality testing will be required
• Install treatment to reduce the corrosivity of
  the water
• Public education (lead)

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Chemical contaminant monitoring

• Monitoring required for
• Community systems
• Nontransient noncommunity systems

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Chemical contaminant monitoring

• Inorganic chemicals (IOCs)
• naturally occurring contaminants
• Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
• industrial solvents
• Synthetic organic compounds (SOCs)
• pesticides and herbicides
• Contact DWB for the required monitoringschedule
  for your system

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Chemical contaminant monitoring Waivers

• DWB may grant a public water system a
  chemicalmonitoring waiver if the system meets
  establishedcriteria for source type,
  nondetection, vulnerability,population, and use
  of contaminants in the area
• Use waiver for VOCs and SOCs
• Use waiver for Asbestos
• Statewide waiver for PCBs and Dioxin
• Susceptibility waiver for Glyphosate and Cyanide

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Distribution system chlorine
If your system chlorinates

• free chlorine residual at all points in the water
  system
• of at least .25 mg/l and no less than 1 mg/l
  total
• chlorine throughout the system
• If .25 mg/l free chlorine cannot be obtained
  withoutgoing a lot over 1 mg/l total chlorine,
  say gt 2 mg/l,look into possible problems such as
  iron bacteria,ammonia or other organics.

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Ok, there is a light at the end of the
tunnel. Were about done. Are there any
questions?
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Lesson Two DSS Operators
Self Graded Examination
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Lesson Two DSS Operators
Self Graded Examination
10 Minutes
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Lesson Two DSS Operators
Self Graded Examination
5 Minutes
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Lesson Two DSS Operators
Self Graded Examination
Times Up
OK
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Lesson Two DSS Operators
Answers
X
Population Served Minimum Number of Samples
Monthly 25 to 1,000 1 1,001 to
2,500 2 2,501 to 3,300 3 3,301 to 4,100
4 4,101 to 4,900 5 4,901 to 5,800 6
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Lesson Two DSS Operators
Answers
X
1 foot of head .4333 pounds pressure2.31
feet 1 pound pressure
Tank
100 feet high
100 x .4333 43.33 pounds per square inch (PSI)
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Lesson Two DSS Operators
Answers
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Size tank to avoid excessive cycling of pump

• Figure 10 Gallons per 1 GPM of pump capacity
• Examples
• If well pumps 20 GPM, then tank 200 gallons
• (10 x 20 200)
• If well pumps 30 GPM, then tank 300 gallons(10
  x 30 300)

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Lesson Two DSS Operators
Answers
X

• A cross connection is any actual or potential
  connection between a public water supply and a
  source of contamination or pollution
• Examples
• Factories
• Hospitals
• Cooling water tanks

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Lesson Two DSS Operators
Answers
X
An action level is is a level, when the water is
sampled,that ninety percent (90) of samples
must be below Action level for lead (Pb) is
0.015 mg/L Action level for copper (Cu) is 1.3
mg/L
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Lesson Two DSS Operators
Answers
X
Lead and copper monitoring Sampling

• Water must have been in contact with plumbing for
  atleast 6 hours (first draw)

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Lesson Two DSS Operators
Answers
X
If any routine sample is unsatisfactory
(positive), repeat samples must be taken within
24 hours of notification
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Lesson Two DSS Operators
Answers
X
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Lesson Two DSS Operators
Answers
X

• Inorganic chemicals (IOCs) naturally occurring
  contaminants
• Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) industrial
  solvents
• Synthetic organic compounds (SOCs) pesticides and
  herbicides

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Lesson Two DSS Operators
Answers
X

• DWB may grant a public water system a chemical
  monitoring waiver if the system meets established
  criteria for source type, nondetection,
  vulnerability, population, and use of
  contaminants in the area
• Use waiver for VOCs and SOCs
• Use waiver for Asbestos
• Statewide waiver for PCBs and Dioxin
• Susceptibility waiver for Glyphosate and Cyanide

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Thank you for your participation

• Are there any other questions or comments?
• Please turn in your
• Self-graded examinations
• Training course evaluation forms
• Continuing education credit reports

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Indiana Water Operator Training
Indiana Department of Environmental Management
Indiana Rural Water Association
American Water Works Association
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Contact Information
Instructor For additional information
concerning this water operatortraining course,
please contact Indiana Rural Water
Association Odetta Cadwell, Executive
Director 317-402-7349