Manifest Destiny

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Manifest Destiny

• Chapter 13

from sea to shining sea
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Manifest Destiny

• Manifest Destiny - the belief many Americans had
  that we should expand all the way to the Pacific
  from sea to shining sea.
• By 1844, this became government policy

From sea to shinning sea!
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
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Manifest Destiny pictures

• Pictures of people moving
• The desire to move west and expand

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How did we get all the land?

• The U.S. got land many different ways.
• Through treaties
• Through war
  Negotiations
• Through agreements with other countries

• The Untied States already had the land in green
  from winning the Revolutionary War with the
  British

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Louisiana Purchase

• Louisiana Purchase 1803 Thomas Jefferson
  purchased this land from the French for 15
  million.

It doubled the size of the United States
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Florida

• Adams-Onis Treaty 1819 Spain gave Florida to
  the United States.
• U.S. paid 5 million as part of the treaty

Spain was having problems with the Indians in
Florida and gave up its claim.
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Texas Annexation

• Originally Texas was owned by the Spanish and was
  called Tejas.
• In 1821, Mexico gained its independence from
  Spain and Tejas became Mexico.
• Stephen Austin
  began attracting
  Americans
  to Tejas -
  soon there were more
  Americans in Tejas
  than
  Tejanos.

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Texas Annexation

• A rebellion began Americans fought for
  independence from Mexico and won.
• The Lone Star Republic was formed

• Texas Annexation 1845 President James Polk
  added Texas to the United States in 1845
• To annex to add
• Problem Mexico and the US
  disagreed on the Southern
  
  border of Texas
  Rio
  Grande v. Nueces River
  100 miles difference

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Oregon Territory

• Oregon Territory 1846 the United States and
  Britain agreed to divide the Oregon territory in
  half.
• This serves as
  the border
  between the US
  and Canada

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Mexican Cession

• As a result of the Texas border dispute, Mexico
  and America went to war.
• In Feb. 1848, the war officially ended with the
  signing of the
  Treaty of
  Guadalupe
  Hidalgo

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

• Mexican Cession 1848 Mexico ceded (gave up)
  this land to the U.S. as part of the treaty after
  the war.
• U.S. would pay 15 million to Mexico
• Area includes present-day California, Nevada,
  Utah, parts of New Mexico and Arizona
• Mexico also agreed
  that the Rio
  Grande
  would be the
  
  southern border
  of Texas.

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Gadsden Purchase

• Gadsden Purchase 1853 Mexico sold this land
  to the U.S. for 10 million. It is the last piece
  to complete the U.S.
• The U.S.
  wanted
  it for the
  railroad
  
  to avoid
  the Rocky Mtns.

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The Whole Map
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2
1
6
4
7
3
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Order of territories gained

• United States from Rev. War 1783
• Louisiana Purchase 1803
• Florida 1819
• Texas Annexation 1845
• Oregon Territory 1846
• Mexican Cession 1848
• Gadsden Purchase 1853

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Trails West
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Heading West

• Once all this new land and territory was gained,
  people began to move west.
• Reasons people moved west
• Land speculators bought huge amounts of land
  hoping to make money
• In search of new markets to sell goods
• In search of gold and wealth
• Religious reasons

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Santa Fe Trail

• People in New Mexico were eager for new
  merchandise
• Many traveled the Santa Fe Trail to Santa Fe New
  Mexico in search of new markets for goods.

Oregon Trail

• Tales of Oregons great land and climate tempted
  people to travel there.
• Many traveled the Oregon Trail to head northwest
  and begin new lives.

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Mormon Trail

• While most pioneers went in search of wealth, the
  Mormons went for religious reasons.
• Mormons traveled to Salt Lake City on the Mormon
  Trail and settled in Utah.

• Brigham Young, the Mormon leader,
  moved his people to Utah hoping his people
  would be left to follow their faith in
  peace.
• Not all agreed with the Mormon teachings.

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Gold!

• John Sutter, a Swiss immigrant, bought 50,000
  acres in California
• James Marshall, a carpenter, was building a
  sawmill on Sutters Mill when my eye caught a
  glimpse of something shining
  I reached my hand down and
  picked it up for I was certain
  it was gold!

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Gold Rush

• Thousands of Americans raced to California in
  hopes of finding gold themselves
• This became known as the California Gold Rush

• A forty-niner became known as someone who went to
  California in 1849 to seek gold.

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Rush is over

• The gold rush was over by 1852.
• While it lasted 250,000 people
  (mostly men) flooded to California in search of
  gold
• Effects of the gold rush
• This huge migration of people cause economic
  growth that changed California forever.
• Native Americans died from disease and were
  pushed off land.
• California applied for statehood.

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Primary and Secondary Sources

• Where do historians get their information??

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Where??

• Historians use a wide variety of sources to
  answer questions about the past. In their
  research, history scholars use both primary
  sources and secondary sources

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Primary Source

• What is a primary source?
• Primary sources are actual records that have
  survived from the past.
• Examples include
• letters
• documents
• photographs/posters
• articles of clothing
• original speeches written by actual people

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Primary Source Examples

• Primary sources are actual records that have
  survived from the past.

An original slave reward poster
Washingtons handwritten farewell address
Declaration of Independence
An actual drawing from Meriwether Lewis from his
journal
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Secondary Source

• What is a secondary source?
• Secondary sources are accounts of the past
  created by people writing about events sometime
  after they happened. Examples include
• history textbook
• Books written about famous people in history
  (biographies)
• A conversation with someone about famous people
  in history

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Secondary Source Examples

• Secondary sources are accounts of the past
  created by people writing about events sometime
  after they happened.

A conversation about Thomas Jefferson with Thomas
Jeffersons great-great-great granddaughter
A book written about George Washington (a
biography)