Historical Context: The Crusades and Colonialism

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Historical ContextThe Crusades and Colonialism

• Or, how the Arabs came
• to resent the West!

February 1, 2000 History of Civilization Mr. Geib
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Why the Crusades Began

• Crusades from 1096 to 1270.
• Pope Urban II starts them.
• Christians wanted to help the Byzantine Empire
  keep land safe from the Seljuk Turks.
• To free the Holy Land from the Muslim infidels in
  order to make it safe for Christian pilgrims.
• Europeans who fought in the Crusades were called
  Crusaders.

Pope calls Christians to invade Middle East.
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The First Crusade

• Crusaders travel to and conquer Nicaea, the
  Seljuk capital.
• Crusaders established states in ME, small
  communities like feudal kingdoms in Europe.
• In 1099, the crusaders reached Jerusalem and
  killed all the Muslims and Jews that lived there.
  
• The Crusaders made Jerusalem a capital of a
  crusader state.
• The Crusaders built large castles which kept
  their land safe from Muslim armies.

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The Third Crusade

• During the Second Crusade, the leader of the
  Muslim forces named Saladin, recaptures
  Jerusalem.
• Pope Gregory VIII began the Third Crusade, which
  was called the Crusade of Kings.
• Saladin vs. King Richard.
• Five year treaty signed.
• Europeans depart Middle East and Crusades end.

King Richard the Lionhearted
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Entry of the Crusaders into Constantinople on 12
April 1204by Eugene Delacroix
Byzantium
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The Result of the Crusades
Muslims Suspicion and Resentment Towards the
West as a Result of the Crusades

• Arabs see West invading and interfering in
  their lands, causing death and hardship.
• Arabs see western power and ways as a threat to
  them economically and culturally.
• Arabs believe the honor, culture and religion
  suffers when they are influenced by Western
  ways.
• The unity between the Arabs is caused by
  distrust, hostility, and hatred towards the west.
  
• All Arabs hate the memory of the Crusades.

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Napoleon France

• In 1798, Napoleon occupied Cairo.
• Modernized Egypt.
• Tries to introduce technology, but Egyptians
  resent Western advancement.
• The French are forced to surrender.
• His three year attempt left a major psychological
  affect .

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World War I
Versailles Peace Conference
Arabs Revolt Against Ottomans

• British take over Egypt in 1882.
• Egypt became a Protectorate of the British
  Empire.
• Lawrence of Arabia convinces Arabs to revolt
  against the Ottomans.
• Europe makes borders for Middle East after WWI.
• In 1922 the Protectorate ended and Egypt became
  an independent state.

• The British still controlled government
  institutions and the Suez Canal.
• Arabs resentful of outsiders.

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Zionism
State of Israel Founded

• Zionism and Theodor Herzel
• Zionists and British government.
• Immigration to Palestine.
• Rebellion against the
• British
• Balfour Declaration over ruled.
• Nation of Israel proclaimed in 1947.

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THE END!