The skeletomuscular system

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The skeletomuscular system Bones Muscles
(skeletal) How we move
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General types of bones Long bones (arm and thigh
bones Short bones (wrist, ankle) Flat bones
(ribs, skull bones) Irregular (vertebrae)
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Bone maintenance Osteoblasts- bone
building when surrounded by bone they
become osteocytes Osteocytes- mature bone
cells most common cell when person
stops growing Osteoclasts- break down
bone part of growth and reshaping
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Osteoporosis- loss of bone mass Risk
factors Not enough calcium in
diet Postmenopausal female Small, thin
stature Caucasian or Asian Sedentary
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Joints Immovable sutures in skull joint
between tooth and socket Slightly
movable vertebrae between pelvic bones Freely
movable synovial joints
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Bone health affected by age level of
exercise hormone levels metabolism calcium
levels androgens and estrogens genetic
factors environmental factors
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The muscular system Movement- muscles attached
to bones produce movement Maintain body
position and posture Maintain body temperature
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Muscles contract when stimulated by a nerve cell
(motor neuron) Skeletal muscle fibers can be
stimulated separately Nerve cells release
neurotransmitters these cause the muscle cells
to release calcium these is required for
muscle contraction
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Calcium must bind to actin so actin can bind to
myosin
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Take-home message lots of energy is needed for
muscle contraction Glycogen stores Creatine
phosphate Myoglobin Aerobic respiration Anaero
bic respiration produce ATP
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Muscles and exercise Aerobic respiration better
capacity for oxygen increased blood flow to
muscle does NOT increase muscle size endurance
training Anaerobic respiration increases muscle
mass strength training
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Disorders Infections Trauma Tumors Inherited
disorders