PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

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PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

• The Muscular System 4

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Learning outcomes

• Identify locations of specific muscles in the
  body.
• Understand the terms atrophy and hypertrophy.
• Demonstrate an understanding of movements
  produced by the deltoid muscles.

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Muscle Fibres Revision

• There are two types of muscle fibre in the bodies
  voluntary muscles.
• Qs. What are they and to what type of exercise
  are they best suited?
• Fast-twitch fibres.
• Slow-twitch fibres.

Fast-twitch are for short-term power and strength
or anaerobic activities.
Slow-twitch are for longer-term endurance or
aerobic activities.
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Voluntary Muscles 1

• Muscles develop and become stronger and more
  flexible the more they are exercised.

This development is known as Hypertrophy.
Qs. If due to an injury or other reasons this
training stops what do you think will happen?
Muscles will begin to lose strength and mass,
this is known as Atrophy
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Voluntary Muscles 2

• Improving strength, flexibility and endurance
  will generally have positive benefits for
  performance.
• Different activities rely on different muscles
  and different muscular requirements.

Qs. Can you think of an activity where
hypertrophy is of most importance?
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Voluntary Muscles 3

• Most activities do not require that you go to
  that extreme.
• Generally athletes build up their strength,
  flexibility and endurance in line with the
  activity they perform.
• Qs. What would be the biggest concern for a
  badminton player compared to a sprinter?

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Voluntary Muscles 4

• There are a great number of muscles in the human
  body responsible for various jobs.
• Qs. How many do you think there are?
• There are around 650 depending on which source
  you read.
• Quick quiz. Do you know where you will find the
  smallest muscle in the body?
• It is found in the ear and is 1.27mm long and
  called the stapedious.

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Voluntary Muscles 5

• You dont need to remember that particular muscle
  but you will need to be familiar with the
  following and their actions
• Deltoids.
• Trapezius.
• Pectorals.
• Biceps.
• Triceps.
• Latissimus dorsi.

• Abdominals
• Gluteals.
• Quadriceps.
• Hamstrings.
• Gastrocnemius.

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Voluntary Muscles 6

• It is important that you know the part that these
  muscles play in not just movement but also
  performance.
• You will also need to know how training and
  activity can make them stronger and more
  efficient.
• The size and shape of all major muscles is
  affected by training and exercise.
• Specific changes to muscle bulk will depend on
  the nature of the activity carried out.

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Voluntary Muscles 7
Anatomical Man
Trapezius
Triceps

• Label the following muscles on your anterior
  diagram
• Deltoids.
• Trapezius.
• Pectorals.
• Biceps.
• Triceps.
• Quadriceps.
• Abdominals.
• Gastrocnemius.

Deltoids
Pectorals
Biceps
Quadriceps
Abdominals
Gastrocnemius
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Voluntary Muscles 8
Anatomical Man
Trapezius

• Label the following muscles on your posterior
  diagram
• Trapezius.
• Deltoids.
• Triceps.
• Gluteals.
• Latissimus Dorsi.
• Hamstrings.
• Gastrocnemius.

Deltoids
Latissimus Dorsi
Triceps
Gluteals
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius
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Voluntary Muscles 9
The deltoids.

• The deltoid consists of three portions
• Anterior portion front.
• Middle portion.
• Posterior portion back.
• They provide additional protection and stability
  to the shoulder joint and raise and move the arm.
• They are significantly pronounced in sports
  involving the arms and shoulders.
• Qs. Can you give examples?

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Voluntary Muscles 9

• Actions possible are
• Flexion and medial rotation anterior portion.
• Abduction middle portion.
• Extension and lateral rotation posterior
  portion.
• Task can you demonstrate each action?

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Voluntary Muscles 10
The shoulder in action
Extension
Flexion
Abduction
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HOMEWORK

• What are the origins and insertions for the
  deltoid muscle?
• Where does the deltoid get its name from?
• List five different types of sporting activities
  where the deltoid muscle is specifically used.
• How many muscles are there in the human body?