Chapter 8 Section 2

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Chapter 8Section 2

• Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts

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Nonvascular Plants

• Characteristics
• All nonvascular plants are
• Low-growing, small
• Lack vascular tissue.

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How do nonvascular plants survive?

• Moving materials?
• Can only pass materials from one cell to the
  next.
• Materials do not travel far or quickly.
• Support?
• Have only rigid cell wall for support.
• cannot grow wide or tall
• small and low to the ground.

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Nonvascular plants

• Obtaining Water?
• Lack roots
• Obtain water and minerals directly from
  surroundings
• Many live where water is plentiful

• Reproduction
• Need enough water to let sperm cells swim to the
  egg cells during reproduction.

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Mosses

• Most diverse of the nonvascular group.
• Over 2000 species.

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Moss Structure

• Gametophyte
• (fuzzy green part)
• structures that look like tiny leaves grow off
  the stem like structure.

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Moss Structure

• Rhizoids
• Thin root like structures anchor the moss.
• Absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

8
Moss Structure

• Sporophyte
• Grows out of the gametophyte.
• Slender stalk with a capsule at the end.
• Capsule contains spores.

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Importance of Moss

• Peat Moss gardening agriculture
• Sphagnum(type of peat) grows in a bog.
• Bog water very acidic that decomposing organisms
  cannot live in it.
• Instead the dead plants accumulate at the bottom
  of the bog become compressed into Peat.
• Peat is used to heat homes and cook food (Europe
  and Asia).

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Liverworts Hornworts

• Liverworts
• Nonvascular
• Named for shape of plants body. (Looks like a
  human Liver)
• Grow Flat along ground(unlike moss)
• Found growing as a crust on moist rocks or soil
  along sides of streams.

• Hornworts
• Nonvascular
• The hornlike structure growing out of the
  gametophyte is the sporophyte
• Grow Flat along ground(gametophyte)
• Live in moist soil, often mixed with grass.