OIE activities

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Ricardo Enriquez S Dr med vet Secretary OIE
Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission
OIE activities in aquatic animal
health
Outlook (Aquatic Animals Commission meeting
October 2008)
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Outline

• Diseases listed by OIE
• Chapter proposed by adoption
• OIE Aquatic Manual delisted diseases
• New Reference Laboratories
• National Aquatic Local Point Participation
  MC-Americas
• On-going and new activities
• Work plan 2008 - 2009

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The following diseases of fish are listed by the
OIE

• - Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis
• - Infectious haematopoietic necrosis
• - Spring viraemia of carp
• - Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia
• - Infectious salmon anaemia
• - Epizootic ulcerative syndrome
• - Gyrodactylosis (Gyrodactylus salaris)
• - Red sea bream iridoviral disease
• - Koi herpesvirus disease.

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The following diseases of molluscs are listed by
the OIE

• - Infection with Bonamia ostreae
• - Infection with Bonamia exitiosa
• - Infection with Marteilia refringens
• - Infection with Perkinsus marinus
• - Infection with Perkinsus olseni
• - Infection with Xenohaliotis californiensis
• - Abalone herpes-like virus disease
• - Infection with Terabrasabella heterouncinata.

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Diseases listed by the OIE

• The listing of the sabellid worm (Terebrasabella
  heterouncinata) will be proposed for adoption at
  the 77th General Session in May 2009
• Replacement of the name AVM with Abalone
  herpes-like virus disease

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The following diseases of crustaceans are listed
by the OIE

• - White spot disease
• - Yellowhead disease
• - Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic
  necrosis
• - Crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci)
• - Necrotising hepatopancreatitis2
• - Infectious myonecrosis
• - White tail disease1
• - Milky haemolymph disease of spiny lobsters
  (Panulirus spp.)1

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Diseases listed by the OIE

• The Aquatic Animals Commission endorsed the
  Crustacean ad hoc Group recommendations to
• i) De-list Tetrahedral baculovirosis (Baculovirus
  penaei) and Spherical baculovirosis (Penaeus
  monodon-type baculovirus)
• ii) De-list Hepatopancreatic parvovirus disease,
  and Mourilyan virus disease (currently listed as
  under study)
• iii) List Necrotising hepatopancreatitis
  (currently listed as under study)
• iv) List Milky haemolymph disease of spiny
  lobsters (Panulirus spp.) as an emerging disease.

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Diseases listed by the OIE

• Crayfish plague
• Will be proposed for adoption at the 77th
  General Session in May 2009

• diseases in wild aquatic animal populations are
  more difficult to detect than in farmed
  populations, the self declaration of freedom
  should in general be based on historical freedom
  for at least 25 years or targeted surveillance
  for at least 5 years (compared to 10 years and 2
  years as the default figures, respectively).

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The following diseases of amphibians are listed
by the OIE

• - Infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
• - Infection with ranavirus.

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The table below summarises the Chapter updated
that will be proposed to the OIE International
Committee for adoption at the 77th General Session

• Definitions (Ch. 1.1.1.)
• Diseases listed by the OIE (Ch. 1.2.3.)
• General obligations related to certification
  (Ch. 1.3.1.)
• Certification procedures (Ch 1.3.2)
• Quality and Evaluation of Competent Authorities
  (Ch 1.4.3.)
• Crayfish plague (Ch 2.3.7.)
• Example Article X.X.X.3 X.X.X.9 X.X.X.12
• Necrotising hepatopancreatitis (Ch 2.3.X.)
• Milky haemolymph disease of spiny lobsters
  (Panulirus spp.) (Ch 2.3.X.)
• Model international aquatic animal health
  certificates
• Criteria to assess the safety of aquatic animal
  commodities (X.X.X.)
• Criteria to assess the safety of aquatic animal
  products destined for human consumption (X.X.X.)
• Welfare of farmed fish during transport (App
  3.4.2.)
• Handling and disposal of carcasses and wastes of
  aquatic animals (App X.X.X.)

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Aquatic Code Disease chapters
Article 3 (commodities) Article
2.1.4.3. Commodities 1. When authorising the
importation or transit of the following
commodities, the Competent Authorities should not
require any SVC related conditions, regardless of
the SVC status of the exporting country, zone or
compartment a) From the species referred to in
Article 2.1.4.2. intended for any
purpose i) commodities treated in a manner that
inactivates the disease agent e.g. leather made
from fish skin, pasteurised products and some
ready-to-eat meals and fish oil and fish meal
intended for use in feed ii) biological samples
preserved for diagnostic applications in such a
manner as to inactivate the disease agent.

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Article 2.1.4.12. Importation of aquatic animal
products from a country, zone or compartment not
declared free from spring viraemia of carp 1. The
risk posed by the following products destined for
human consumption from the species referred to in
Article 2.1.4.2. which have been prepared and
packaged for direct retail trade is considered
negligible i) eviscerated fish (chilled or
frozen) ii) fillets or cutlets (chilled or
frozen) iii) dried eviscerated fish (including
air dried, flame dried and sun dried). For these
commodities Members may wish to consider
introducing internal measures to prevent the
commodity being used for any purpose other than
for human consumption.
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• CRITERIA TO ASSESS THE SAFETY OF AQUATIC ANIMAL
  COMMODITIES IRRESPECTIVE OF COUNTRY DISEASE
  STATUS
• CRITERIA TO ASSESS THE SAFETY OF AQUATIC ANIMAL
  PRODUCTS DESTINED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION

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• WELFARE OF FARMED FISH DURING TRANSPORT
• HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF CARCASSES AND WASTES OF
  AQUATIC ANIMALS
• Will be proposed for adoption at the 77th
  General Session in May 2009

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Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals

• Update on progress Sixth edition 2009
• De-listed diseases chapters on de-listed diseases
  in a separate section.

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OIE-Reference laboratories

• There are currently 27 OIE Reference Laboratories
  for aquatic animal diseases.
• Under the guidance of an expert whose competence
  is recognised internationally, they function as
  centres of expertise and standardisation of
  diagnostic techniques.
• As well, they may provide scientific and
  technical training for personnel from Member
  Countries, and coordinate scientific and
  technical studies in collaboration with other
  laboratories or organisations.

Twin lab
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New Reference laboratory

• The Commission reviewed and recommended
  acceptance of the following application for OIE
  Reference Laboratory status
• OIE Reference Laboratory for crayfish plague
  (Aphanomyces astaci)
• Finnish Food Safety Authority, Evira Kuopio,
  Neulaniementie 4, FIN-70210 Kuopio, FINLAND.
  Tel. [phone] Fax [phone]
  E-mail satu.viljamaa-dirks_at_evira.fi Designated
  Reference Expert Dr Satu Viljamaa-Dirks

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Reference Laboratories..

• Abalone viral mortality complex
• Infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
• Infection with Ranavirus
• Necrotising hepatopancreatitis
• Milky haemolymph disease of spiny lobster
• Sabellid worm (T. heterouncinata)

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National Aquatic Focal Point

• MC Americas 29

48 in 2007 app. 100 in 2008
MC Americas Comments October07 report
2 March08 report 3 October08 report 1
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Terms of reference for national aquatic focal
points

• a) To establish a network of aquatic animal
  health experts within their country
• b) To establish and maintain a dialogue with the
  competent authority for aquatic animal health in
  their country, and to facilitate cooperation and
  communication among several authorities where
  responsibility is shared
• c) On behalf of the OIE Delegate of their
  country, to provide aquatic animal disease
  information to the OIE through WAHIS (immediate
  notifications and follow-up reports, six-monthly
  reports, and annual questionnaires)

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Terms of reference for national aquatic focal
points

• d) To receive from the OIE Central Bureau the
  Aquatic Animals Commission meeting reports and
  conduct the in-country consultation process with
  aquatic animal health experts on draft text
  proposed in those reports
• e) To prepare for, and submit to, the OIE
  Delegate of their country comments on each of the
  Aquatic Animals Commissions meeting reports, for
  the Delegate to submit to the OIE Central Bureau.

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On-going and new activities

• Harmonize OIE approaches to aquatic and
  terrestrial animal diseases
• Evaluation of the Performance of Veterinary
  Services
• New ad hoc Group on Safe Commodities derived from
  Aquatic Animals
• Develop text on trade in aquatic animals
  vaccinated against listed diseases ,i.e.
  Infectious salmon anaemia and KHVD

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Review of Aquatic Animals Commission mandate
regarding food safety

• Recommendations to cover the food safety
  implications of aquatic animals and aquatic
  animal products
• aquatic animal feeds, traceability of aquatic
  animals and products, antimicrobial resistance,
  and biotechnology related issues.

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• Comments on this reports Annexes III to XVI must
  reach OIE Headquarters by 6 February 2009 to be
  considered at the March 2009 meeting of the
  Aquatic Animals Commission.

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AQUATIC ANIMALS COMMISSION WORK PLAN FOR 2009/2010
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Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission
World organisation for animal health
12 rue de prony 75017 Paris, France Tel 33 (0)1
44 15 18 88 Fax [phone] Email
oie_at_oie.int www.oie.int www.oie.int/aac/eng/en_fd
c.htm
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Introduction to OIE Guidelines for the welfare of
live aquatic animals

• The AAC clarified that the scope of the
  guidelines is for transport, slaughter, and
  destruction for disease control purposes, and
  therefore there is no justification for inclusion
  of the three Rs in the text.
• (reduction, refinement, replacement)
• The AAC revised the proposed Introduction to
  clearly separate it into considerations, guiding
  principles, and a scientific basis for the
  guidelines.

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Bienestar animal

• designa el modo en que un animal afronta las
  condiciones de su entorno. Un animal está en
  buenas condiciones de bienestar si (según indican
  pruebas científicas) está sano, cómodo, bien
  alimentado, en seguridad, puede expresar formas
  innatas de comportamiento y si no padece
  sensaciones desagradables de dolor, miedo o
  desasosiego. Las buenas condiciones de bienestar
  de los animales exigen que se prevengan sus
  enfermedades y se les administren tratamientos
  veterinarios que se les proteja, maneje y
  alimente correctamente y que se les manipule y
  sacrifique de manera compasiva. El concepto de
  bienestar animal se refiere al estado del animal.
  La forma de tratar a un animal se designa con
  otros términos como cuidado de los animales, cría
  de animales o trato compasivo.

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Animal welfare

• means how an animal is coping with the
  conditions in which it lives. An animal is in a
  good state of welfare if (as indicated by
  scientific evidence) it is healthy, comfortable,
  well nourished, safe, able to express innate
  behaviour, and if it is not suffering from
  unpleasant states such as pain, fear, and
  distress. Good animal welfare requires disease
  prevention and veterinary treatment, appropriate
  shelter, management, nutrition, humane handling
  and humane slaughter/killing. Animal welfare
  refers to the state of the animal the treatment
  that an animal receives is covered by other terms
  such as animal care, animal husbandry, and humane
  treatment.

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Introducción a las directrices para el bienestar
de los peces de cultivo

• Artículo 3.4.1.1.
• Principios básicos
• 1 Considerando 
• Que la utilización de peces para la pesca de
  extracción, la investigación y para recreo (por
  ejemplo, especies ornamentales y acuarios) es un
  factor importante del bienestar humano, y
• Que existe una relación crítica entre la salud de
  los peces de cultivo y su bienestar, y
• Que mejorando las condiciones de vida de los
  peces, se aumenta a menudo la productividad y se
  obtienen por consiguiente beneficios económicos.

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Introducción a las directrices para el bienestar
de los peces de cultivo

• 2. La OIE elaborará directrices sobre el
  bienestar de los peces de cultivo (especies
  ornamentales excluidas) durante el transporte,
  sacrificio y destrucción con fines sanitarios
  aplicando los siguientes principios
• a El empleo de peces conlleva la responsabilidad
  ética de velar por su bienestar en la mayor
  medida posible.
• b La evaluación científica del bienestar de los
  peces de cultivo abarca una serie de elementos
  científicos y de juicios de valor que deben
  tomarse en consideración conjuntamente y el
  proceso de esta evaluación debe ser lo mas
  explícito posible.

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Introducción a las directrices para el bienestar
de los peces de cultivo

• Artículo 3.4.1.2.
• Principios científicos en que se fundan las
  directrices
• 1 Para garantizar el bienestar de los peces de
  cultivo se requiere, básicamente, recurrir a
  métodos de manipulación que sean apropiados a las
  características biológicas del animal, así como
  un entorno adaptado a sus necesidades
• 2 Las piscifactorías cultivan numerosas
  especies, con características biológicas
  diferentes. No resultaría práctico elaborar
  directrices específicas para cada una de ellas.
  Las presentes directrices de la OIE, por
  consiguiente, tratan del bienestar de los peces
  cultivados en general.

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Introduction to OIE Guidelines for the welfare of
live aquatic animals

• Article 3.4.1.1.
• Guiding principles
• Considering that
• 1. The use of fish in harvest or capture
  fisheries, in research and for recreation (eg
  ornamentals and aquaria), makes a major
  contribution to the wellbeing of people and
• 2. There is a critical relationship between fish
  health and fish welfare and
• 3. Improvements in farmed fish welfare can often
  improve productivity and hence lead to economic
  benefits.

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Introduction to OIE Guidelines for the welfare of
live aquatic animals

• 2 The OIE will develop guidelines for the
  welfare of farmed fish (excluding ornamental
  species) during transport, slaughter, and
  destruction for disease control purposes. In
  developing these, the following principles will
  apply
• a. The use of fish carries with it an ethical
  responsibility to ensure the welfare of such
  animals to the greatest extent practicable.
• b. The scientific assessment of fish welfare
  involves both scientifically derived data and
  value-based assumptions that need to be
  considered together, and the process of making
  these assessments should be made as explicit as
  possible.

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Introduction to OIE Guidelines for the welfare of
live aquatic animals

• Article 3.4.1.2.
• Scientific basis for guidelines
• The basic requirements for the welfare of farmed
  fish include handling methods appropriate to the
  biological characteristics of the fish and a
  suitable environment to fulfill their needs.
• There are many species of fish in farming systems
  and these have different biological
  characteristics. It is not practicable to develop
  specific guidelines for each of these species.
  These OIE guidelines therefore address the
  welfare of farmed fish at a general level.