Gender Mainstreaming

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Gender Mainstreaming

• May 2007
• UNDP SA

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Gender Mainstreaming Outline

• GM overview - Thuraya
• Evelyn Report - Tuful
• GM in brief Mayssam
• True or False Exercise - Sara
• GM Strategy and checklists - Nasser
• Gender Sensitive Budgeting Indicators Sara
• Gender Analysis - Rana
• The Thermometer Exercise Rana
• Gender Measurement Hossam
• Resource Guide for Gender Theme Group Norah
• GM Knowledge and Learning Dima
• Models for Successful Women and Men Exercise
  Thuraya
• Gender and Thematic Practice Areas
• ICT, Energy and Water Management Asim
• Governance Thuraya
• Governance Indicators Poverty Yassin
• Conflict Mohammed
• GM and MDGs/HDR Tuful
• The Tarot of the Attitudes - Dima

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Where we are?

• CO GM Committee
• Gender CO GM Committee
• Gender audit recommendations
• Gender general awareness
• GM online course
• GM in some projects
• Using GM checklist in some projects
• GM Initiative (Thematic Fund)
• Women in Management (2 to 3)
• Gender balance in committees
• audit recommendations
• Gender general awareness
• GM online course
• GM in some projects
• Using GM checklist in some projects
• GM Initiative (Thematic Fund)
• Women in Management (2 to 3)
• Gender balance in committees

4
Where we want to go?

• CO Gender Strategy action plan implemented
• UN Gender Thematic Group (UNGTG)
• Programme team national managers fully equipped
  with GM tools and expertise
• GM in human resources
• GM included in management performance to ensure
  accountability
• GM incorporated in programme cycle
• GM integrated in monitoring evaluation

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Steps towards our goal?

• GM trainings to staff projects managers
• Present GM CO strategy to UNCT and develop a
  common GM Strategy
• Allocate a of projects budgets for GM
• GM in situation analysis mechanisms set
• Mobilize programme staff NGOs for thematic
  groups
• GM included in office WP, RCA, IWP, learning
  goals JD
• GM incorporated in meetings

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• Gender Audi Findings Summary Report

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Components

• Introduction
• Special Considerations
• Gender in Practice
• Gender in Our Projects
• Gender among our staff
• Gender in Teams of Committees and other
  Facilities
• Suggestions for UNDP CO
• Recommendations

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Introduction

• Commitment to equal rights of men and women.
• UNDP Gender Action Plan developed in 2005.
• The TOR of the gender audit exercise.

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Special Considerations

• Saudi Arabia as an NCC country and therefore
  UNDPs role as provider of technical and advisory
  support
• Limited space for advocacy role of corporate
  themes including gender
• The socio-cultural context with traditions of
  gender discrimination

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Gender in Practice

• Sensitivity of gender in discussion
• Recent change in official policy concerning
  gender
• NHDR 2003 sheds light on gender issues
• The 8th DP (2005-2009) as a landmark in gender
  mainstreaming
• NMDGs Report for 2005 reflects some progress in
  gender issues
• Saudi Arabia has therefore started the process of
  gender mainstreaming
• UNDP CO faces the challenges of using this start
  to strengthen dialogue

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Gender in Our Projects

• Little attention is paid to gender in UNDPs work
• Discussion with project managers reveals that the
  situation is not as worse as PDs.

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Gender among our staff

• Gender in staff rules and regulations in general
• From HR Management perspective.

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Gender in Teams of Committees and other Facilities

• Gender Focal Point is a system that was
  introduced in UNDP as a strategy to improve
  integration of gender consideration in UNDPs
  work. (GFP) has made a significant contribution
  to gender mainstreaming and women empowerment.
• Recommendations for GFP.
• Gender and committees.

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Suggestions for UNDP CO

• UNDP KSA allocate financial and human resources
  to development.
• UNDP KSA seeks ways of encouraging staff to use
  learning opportunities.
• UNDP KSA explores ways to mainstream gender
  effectively.
• Use of gender sensitive language.

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Recommendation concerning gender in UNDP CO

• UNDP KSA allocate financial and human resources
  to development.
• UNDP KSA seeks ways of encouraging staff to use
  learning opportunities.
• UNDP KSA explores ways to mainstream gender
  effectively.
• Use of gender sensitive language

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Recommendation

• Adding additional gender training to the basic
  Gender Journey.
• Organizing regular Working Group sessions among
  staff.
• Developing the basic reference materials to TOR.
• Applying a systematic checklist.
• All persons with programmes should reflect gender
  dimensions on project.

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• Gender Manistreaming in Brief

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What is Gender

• Gender refers to the social meaning given to
  being a man or woman in a given society. i.e.
  Characteristics used to define a man or woman do
  not stem from biological differences
• It defines the boundaries of what women and men
  can and should be and do.
• It shapes and determines the behavior, roles,
  expectations and entitlements of women and men in
  a particular society

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What is Gender

• Refers to the rules, norms, customs and practices
  through which the biological differences between
  males and females are transformed into social
  differences
• This results in women and men being valued
  differently and having unequal opportunities and
  life chances.
• Gender relations are specific to societies and to
  historical time
• Gender relations change in response to wider
  changes. They are not fixed for all time
• Gender roles and relations differ between and
  within societies

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A Core UNDP Commitment

• Equality between women and men is fair and right
  (heart of HR)
• Central to progress in HD
• UNDP committed to making equality a reality to
  promote prosperity and well-being for all

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What is Gender Analysis

• Collection and analysis of gender disaggregated
  data
• - different roles, tasks, responsibilities
• - different needs, interests, capacities
• - differences in access and control of
  resources and benefits
• Gender analysis tells us about the rules, norms
  and practices of social institutions that keep
  the divisions of labour and distribution of
  resources between women and men in place.

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What is Gender Mainstreaming

• Gender mainstreaming is ensuring that what we do
  and how we do it promotes gender equality
• This is based on a recognition that all
  development initiatives have an impact on gender
  relations sometimes positive sometimes negative
  

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Framework

• Technical domain constitutes capacities, tools
  and instruments
• Political domain is the site for planning and
  decision making, hierarchies and power, access
  and control over resources
• Cultural domain where the gap between policy and
  practice is created but also negotiated and
  contested

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• Gender-Sensitive
• Budgeting Indicators.

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DOES NOT aim at producing a separate budget for
women nor does it imply increasing spending on
women specific programs
.but aims at analyzing any form of national
expenditure from a gender perspective through
identifying the implications and impacts for
women and girls as for men and boys
What is a Gender-Sensitive Budget Initiative??
It simply brings gender equality to the
allocation of public funds enhances womens
participation in the decision-making processes
that shape their lives
What impact does this fiscal measure have on
gender equality??
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• A national, regional or local budget reflects a
  governments social and economic priorities.

• The budget is the place where policies and
  programs are defined and translated into resource
  allocations.

• Examining budgets through a gender lens can help
  identify gaps in access to and distribution of
  public resources.

• Gender budgets provide a mechanism by which
  governments can integrate a gender analysis into
  public expenditure policies.

• Gender-sensitive budget analysis provides a way
  to hold governments accountable of their
  commitments to gender equality and womens human
  rights.

Why a gender-sensitive budget???
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How to go ahead with a gender-sensitive budget
initiative?
Gender Analysis
National, regional, local
Elected assemblies
Coverage
Political Location
The whole budget
Selected depart. or programs
Inside government departments
Outside government
New projects
Selected forms or revenue
Changes in tax system
New legislation
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How to go ahead ..contd.
Budget Classification
Stage of Budget cycle

• Line Item (by payments)

• Functional (by broad purpose)

• Economic (by economic impact)

• Administrative (by institution)

Planning

• Programme (by programs or activities)

Appraisal

• Territorial (by geographical area)

Audit
Evaluation
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Presentation of the analysis

• In the main budget or evaluation report

• In special annex to the main budget/evaluation.

• In briefing papers for parliamentarians

• In submission to government task forces, planning
  groups..

• In research publications

• In popular education publications

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of Gender-senstive budgets
Equality
Accountability
Efficiency
Transparency
ADVANTAGES
A rights-based approach to budgeting
helps ensure that gender equality becomes both a
goal and indicator of economic governance
Gender budgets are important instruments
for making governments accountable to women
and ensuring that governments live up to
their commitments
Macroeconomic policy can increase decrease or
leave unchanged the gender inequality through
adjustments in fiscal policy
Gender sensitive budgets engage members of civil
society and women in a vital area of political
and economic policy debate
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Approaches to analyze Gender Analysis.

• Gender analysis
• Macroeconomic analysis
• Budget analysis technique
• Specific knowledge

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How can initiatives be taken to introduce a
gender-sensitive budget?

• Assessing the gender-sensitivity of policies.
• Focus groups of beneficiaries.
• Analyzing the impact of public spending.
• Analyzing the impact of the budget on the use of
  time, according to sex.
• Carrying out a medium-term gender-based
  assessment of economic policies, focusing on
  instruments designed to promote globalization and
  combat poverty
• Issuing reports and/or statements on the response
  of budgets to gender gaps, by means of indicators
  such as those mentioned earlier

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National Level Gender - Sensitive Indicators

• Gender-sensitive indicators support the gender
  and development approach which focuses on
  changing the gendered nature of society through
  the promotion of gender equity, rather than on
  women in isolation, which was the focus of the
  women in development model and is reflected in an
  emphasis on gender statistics.

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Gender-Sensitive Indicators Classification

• Population composition and change
• Human settlements and geographical distribution
• Households and families, marital status,
  fertility
• Learning in formal and non-formal education
• Health, health services, nutrition
• Economic activity and labor force participation
• Access to land, equipment and credit
• Legal rights and political power
• Violence against women
• Macroeconomic policy and gender

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• Gender Analysis
• The Gender Analysis Frame Work

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Activity Profile Who does what?What men and
women (adults, children, elders) do, and where
and when these activities take place

• The planner needs to know the tasks of men and
  women in the population subgroups in the project
  area to be able to direct project activities
  toward those performing particular tasks.
  Therefore, data must be gathered on womens and
  mens involvement in each stage of the
  agricultural cycle, on their shared as well as
  unshared tasks, and on the degree of fixity of
  the gender division of labor. The objective is to
  ensure that women are actively included in the
  project and are not disadvantaged by it.
• The Activity Profile usually considers all
  categories of activities productive,
  reproductive,1 community-related service. It
  identifies how much time is spent on each
  activity, how often this work is done (e.g.,
  daily or seasonally), which periods are
  characterized by a high demand for labor, and
  what extra demands the program inputs will make
  on women, men, and children.
• The Activity Profile also identifies where the
  activities take place, at home or elsewhere (the
  village, marketplace, fields, or urban centers),
  and how far these places are from the household.
  This information gives insights into female and
  male mobility, and allows an assessment of the
  impact of the program on mobility, method of
  travel, travel time for each activity, and
  potential ways of saving time.
• Issues considered under Activity Profile include
  
• Production of goods and services
• Reproductive and human resource maintenance
  activities
• Community work
• Community organization and activities

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Access and control profile Who has what?Who has
access to and control of resources, and decision
making

• The Access and Control Profile considers
  productive resources such as land, equipment,
  labor, capital and credit, and education, and
  training. It differentiates between access to a
  resource and control over decisions regarding its
  allocation and use. It enables planners to
  consider whether the proposed project could
  undermine access to productive resources, or if
  it could change the balance of power between men
  and women regarding control over resources.
• The profile examines the extent to which women
  are impeded from participating equitably in
  projects. For example, if women have limited
  access to income or land, they may be unable to
  join groups, which provide production inputs and
  commercial opportunities, or to become
  independent commercial producers. In some
  subgroups, men may also suffer the same
  disadvantage.
• Program management mechanisms (e.g., the creation
  of water users) groups or cooperatives) may
  determine who has access to and control over
  productive resources and may change existing
  gender relations.

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Analysis of factors and trends What is the
socio-economic context?How activity, access, and
control patterns are shaped by structural factors
(demographic, economic, legal, and institutional)
and by cultural, religious, and attitudinal ones.

• This analysis considers the structural and
  socio-cultural factors that influence the gender
  patterns of activity and access and control in
  the project area
• demographic factors, including household
  composition and household headship
• general economic conditions, such as poverty
  levels, inflation rates, income distribution,
  internal terms of trade, and infrastructure
• cultural and religious factors
• education levels and gender participation rates
  and
• political, institutional, and legal factors.
• The analysis should consider the following
• Which policies and programs aimed at ensuring
  womens participation could affect the project?
• Which community norms and beliefs could influence
  womens participation in the projects
  activities?
• Are there laws or regulations that could affect
  womens participation in the project or their
  access to its benefits?

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Program cycle analysis What gender considerations
are needed for the project?Gender-sensitive
project planning, design, implementation,
monitoring, and post-evaluation

• This analysis will indicate if and where the
  objectives and methods proposed for the project
  should be modified to improve the chances that
  the project will succeed and to minimize the
  likelihood that women will be disadvantaged as a
  result of it. Some questions that may need to be
  considered in this analysis deal with production
  processes, training, information, participation,
  access, institution building, project framework
  etc.
• Particularly within the Project framework, the
  following issues need to be considered
• Do the planning assumptions (at each level of the
  planning framework or logical framework, for
  example) adequately reflect the constraints on
  womens participation in the program?
• Do project performance indicators identify the
  need for data to be collected, disaggregated by
  gender? Will changes in the gender division of
  labor be monitored? Will data on womens access
  to and control over resources be collected during
  the project?
• Can the project meet both practical gender needs
  (supporting and improving the efficiency of
  womens and mens productive roles) and strategic
  gender needs (improving gender equity through
  womens participation in the project)?
• Do the goals, purposes, or objectives of the
  program explicitly refer to women or reflect
  womens needs and priorities?
• Do the project inputs identify opportunities for
  female participation in program management, in
  the delivery and community management of goods
  and services, in any planned institutional
  changes, in training opportunities, and in the
  monitoring of resources and benefits? Will the
  project resources be relevant and accessible to
  poor women in terms of personnel, location, and
  timing?
• Does the project include measurable indices for
  the attainment of its GAD objec-tives, to
  facilitate monitoring and post-evaluation?

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• Gender Equality

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Gender Equality and MDGs

• The MDGs are an integrated set of eight goals and
  18 time-bound targets for extending the benefits
  of globalization to the worlds poorest citizens.
• MDGs goal 3 is to promote gender equality and
  empower women.
• The goal has one target to eliminate gender
  disparity in primary and secondary education,
  preferably by 2005 and to all levels of education
  no later than 2015.
• The existence of a separate goal on gender
  equality demonstrates that the global community
  has accepted the centrality of gender equality
  and women empowerment to the development paradigm

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What about men?

• Relation ships between men and women and the way
  in which masculinity is defined are the heart of
  many development challenges.
• Men have to relinquish some of their economic ,
  political and social power if women are to have
  their fair share of it and giving up power is
  something that few do gladly.

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GE achievement by MDG

• Bahrain support to women political empowerment
  prior to elections brings 6 women to present
  parliament.
• Yemen support to voter education efforts that
  are linked to religious instruction in order to
  counter claims that religion bans women from
  politics.
• 2-Poverty reduction
• India India Partnership Forum (IPF) developed
  an innovative social code for business to protect
  women. More than 300 companies have adopted the
  code which promotes for equal employment.
• Uzbekistan UNDP supported a comprehensive
  analysis of the impact of the trade polices on
  women which was the basis for roundtable
  discussions on engendering macroeconomics that
  influenced the national MDG and poverty reduction
  strategies

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3- Crises prevention and recovery

• Bosnia UNDP supported the development of by-law
  on the national return policy that give priority
  to women headed households.
• 4- Energy environment Ukraine the sustaining
  Women Farmers" projects is offering information
  technology services to rural women farmers
  through local information centers women are able
  to access information abut their rights, changes
  in agrarian legislations, market their products.
• Nepal UNDP supported the creation of gender
  balanced community organization to manage
  Micro-hydro energy fueling system and irrigation
  scheme

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5- HIV/AIDS

• Honduras UNDP supported the formulation of a
  network of women living with HIV/AIDS to
  challenge their stigma and discrimination
  HIV-positive women are subjected to, and help
  them reintegrate into family and community life.
• Ghana with UNDP support , women leaders and
  chiefs in some areas have prioritized reducing
  the spread of HIV, increasing support to orphan
  girls , and increasing the number of the
  income-generating activities for girls.

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Resource Guide for Gender Theme Groups
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This resource guide was developed to

• Provide practical guidance to UN Theme Groups
  (UNTGs)
• Serve as a tool to strengthen the role of UN
  theme groups
• The practical guidance and support comes in the
  form of tips, examples, and good practices
  summarized from theme groups work experiences
• How to keep the resource guide alive
• Share your analyzed experience with specific
  inter-agency processes
• Send your feed back and comments
• Provide new versions and updates of core
  documents

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Gender Thematic Group

• As of 2003, thematic groups on gender are the
  third most numerous of all theme groups
• The work of the majority of thematic groups on
  gender is to facilitate dialogue on gender
  issues and encourage gender mainstreaming among
  partners undertake activities supporting womens
  empowerment focus on training, production of
  gender briefing kits and inputting into CCA/UNDAF
  processes, as well as work involving the MDGs and
  PRSPs
• Most participants in these groups are women,
  though they are gender focal points who have
  little access to decision-making
• The 3 main aspects of the role and areas of the
  theme groups are
• Consolidate coordinate the work of core
  agencies
• Devise and implement integrated strategies
• Manage joint programming in support of results at
  the country level

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The Work of GTGs

• Specific Coordination Strategies for GTGs
• Be pro-active, strategic and ensure that members
  of the GTG are participating in working groups
  that are used to coordinate the UNCTs inputs
• Offer proficiency and excellence to the UNCT in
  gender aspects of economic decision-making and
  other high priority areas
• Support partnerships between civil society
  organizations, the government and the UN
  community
• Use a results-based approach in your inputs
• Advocate for improvements in availability and use
  of sex-disaggregated data
• Get a seat at the decision-making table of the
  UNCT
• Advocate for both womens empowerment and gender
  mainstreaming as key strategies
• Focus your strategy on the most important
  presenting priorities

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• Possible Actions by GTGs
• Monitor implementation of the PRSP with a gender
  lense and UN system niche in mind
• Build capacity of and support national partners
  in mainstreaming gender equality in PRSPs
• Ensure that professionals with combined expertise
  in gender equality and economics support to the
  PRSP process
• Link gender-responsive budget (GRB) initiatives
  with PRSPs to the extent possible

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• ICT, Knowledge, Learning Methodology

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How Effective Information Knowledge Management
supports Gender Mainstreaming

• Effective Gender Mainstreaming requires
• Good Information (timely access to research,
  capturing data in events, producing useful
  resources, managing information, eg. Gender
  training material)
• Strategic Networking (regular exchange of info,
  locating knowledge, engaging in dialogue,
  collaboration, with stakeholders, raising
  visibility of Orgs activities, e.g.. emails,
  listservs, discussion groups, bulletin boards,
  internet web)
• Continuous Learning (sharing good practices,
  broadening debate, e.g.. Learning Consultation
  Briefing LCB workshops, CD ROMs, listservs,
  discussion groups)
• Using Information Communication Tools
  Technologies

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We need to

• Create databases (e.g. our womens list, WIDE
  Experts roster)
• Identify target groups compile mailing lists
  such as gender focal point, UNV gender
  specialists, regional gender advisors)
• Regularly share knowledge thru e-mails, meetings,
  weekly briefings
• Cooperate with civil society orgs
• Develop new skills competencies
• use e-mail network daily,
• participate in gender e-discussions,
• use internet web search,
• understand how to start, facilitate, set up an
  e-discussion list or virtual think tank,
• Record, share use good practices
• Use spread sheets word processing e-slide
  presentations
• Use multiple technologies tools to promote
  knowledge information sharing

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As Change Agents working to Mainstream Gender, we
must

• Contribute Gender perspectives to decision-making
  processes (esp. policy programme planning,
  personnel issues, advocacy)
• Promote facilitate inter-agency dialogue on
  gender mainstreaming
• Convince others of the need for gender
  mainstreaming
• Analyze, collect, disseminate info on gender
  analysis gender mainstreaming practice
• Network extensively with other gender focal
  points, womens organizations, the public
• Intervene appropriately in policy advice
  dialogue, ensuring that gender equality
  consideration are taken into account in
  discussion decision-making
• Record and find mechanisms for learning from
  programmatic organizational good practices

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ICT promotes womens empowerment, however!

• Theres a need to
• Identify processes that restrict womens full
  participation in ICT sector (labor market
  segmentation, unequal access to education)
• Encourage governments integration of gender
  consideration into national ICT policies,
  improvement of social economic environment for
  girls to be able to use technologies,
• Encourage Private Sector Orgs such as ICT
  suppliers to be responsive to women as consumers
  and employees
• Encourage the funding of programmes that being
  Civil Society orgs to participate in ICT
  policy-making and trainings

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LCB Methodology

• Is a competency-based learning support strategy
  which sees learning as a sustained change in
  behavior performance in the capacity to do a
  job
• Combines education techniques with research on
  capacities for Gender Mainstreaming
• Develops the skills to act effectively as change
  agents within UNDP
• Has the skills of leadership from below as well
  as from above
• Is made up of 4 elements
• Learning (to build the competencies required for
  gender mainstreaming)
• Consultation (internally externally to analyze
  experience on gender mainstreaming, identify
  lessons learned, issue recommendations to reach
  organizational change capacity building)
• Briefing (on the latest info, data, decisions,
  research, tools, techniques, methodologies)
• Linkages to the workplace (thru transferring
  decisions, strategies, activities back to the
  workplace of the workshop participants)
• LCB workshops last for 5 days

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Gender Mainstreaming Resources Tools

• Thousands of resources (handbooks, studies,
  toolkits, guides, exercises, manuals, papers,
  policy documents, checklists, modules, reports,
  online courses, training packs, information kits,
  e-libraries, books, etc.) exist online on
• Gender Mainstreaming Strategies
• Gender Analysis
• Training
• Gender Mainstreaming UN Coordination
• Energy Environment
• HIV/AIDS
• Governance
• Crisis Prevention Recovery
• Poverty
• Budgeting
• MDGs
• Human Development
• ICT
• The Role of Men Boys
• Miscellaneous

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• Gender Thematic Practice Area

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Gender in Water Management

• Ensuring the integration of a gender perspective
  is part of UNDPs commitment to SHD
• What is meant by a gender approach in IWRM
• 3 elements of gender approach in IWRM
• 1) we should understand the differences and
  relations among and between women and men
• 2) Womens and men perspective should be
  incorporated
• 3) Participatory approach should be used to
  facilitate the equitable participation

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Gender and Energy

• Linkages between Gender Energy
• What are the Energy Needs of women
• Gender and Energy in MDGs
• What can be done to create Gender Sensitive
  Energy Policies
• - Build Awareness of different energy Needs of
  Men and Women
• - Remote gender mainstreaming Approach
• - Increase Womens participation in energy
  sector

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Gender and ICT

• Gender and communication focused on three broad
  issues
• 1) The equitable access of women and womens
  organizations
• 2) Women access to professional careers and
  decision making positions
• 3) Portrayals of women reinforcing or changing
  stereotype
• ICT as tools for womens Right to development

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Gender Local Governance
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Criteria for good gender-sensitive governance

• Participation Equal participation in government
  institutions processes, freedom space for an
  active womens movement
• Transparency Equity in resources allocation
• Legitimacy Legislation for gender equality
  promotion protection of womens rights
• Effectiveness Gender-sensitive policies
  institutional structures

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Gender-sensitive LG has these objectives

• To increase womens participation in politics and
  civic engagement
• To strengthen gender-awareness capacities among
  both F M politicians civil servants
• To deliver services that address specific needs
  interests of women men in community, which
  requires engendered economic development,
  planning allocation of resources
• To create awareness of women s rights

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Reasons for Women Participation in Politics

• Justice Women are ½ the society and should
  contribute to decision-making bodies. Society
  without women in the political system is unjust.
  Women shall be locally elected.
• Efficiency A political system that doesnt
  exploit both women mens experiences and
  resources is inefficient.
• Diversity Women have different political
  interests (allocating local resources water,
  fuel, electricity) and can change political
  agenda (child care, reproductive rights, violence
  against women...). Men dont automatically
  represent women interests.
• Changing the political system More women in
  political system may have major benefits for
  society (women are less likely than men to behave
  opportunistically). Women led to better
  democracy, transparency improved governance.
  (Survey of Inter-Parliamentary Union).

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Barriers

• Individual factors individual characteristics
  favoring political participation. Most women lack
  confidence in their political capabilities. Lower
  level of education, professional experience,
  income time are disadvantages to women.
• Institutional factors related to society norms
  values Women lack support from families
  husbands. Limited access to leadership,
  managerial skills, female models mentors.
  Religious patriarchal culture excluding women
  from public life. Lack of gender balanced
  policies women organizations to support the
  elected ones.
• Institutional factors related to political
  system
• Registration procedures Norms prevent women from
  taking photos for voter registration cards or
  show their face to male officers.
• Voting procedures Women might be controlled by
  their husbands and have less accessibility to
  polling stations
• State education Women are less informed about
  electoral process, meaning of elections and right
  to vote.

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Increasing Women Participation

• Legislation legal rights
• International conventions
• Civic voters education
• Awareness
• Electoral system and access to voting
• Capacity building to candidates
• Networks
• Partnerships
• Conference and seminars
• Influence of civil society

• Support NGOs that organize support to women
  candidates and lobby for change in electoral
  system
• Database and access to information
• Moral support
• Gender audit and budget
• Engendering local governments
• Media and communication
• Publications and documentation

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Common Legal Issues for Women

• Equality, human, civil political rights
• Forced or premature marriage, heading families,
  child custody guardianship, divorce
• Women endemic diseases, health entitlements,
  reproductive health
• Unequal pay working conditions, job
  discrimination, social security, maternity
  benefits, protective legislation
• Land access, ownership control of property,
  inheritance credit
• Rape other forms of violence, prostitution

• Constitutional
• Family
• Health
• Labor
• Economic
• Violence and exploitation

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• Gender Poverty

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GovernanceOperational Definition

• System of values, policies and institutions to
  manage societys affairs
• Various definitions of governance
• UN, USAID, DFID, EC social and political aspects
  (participatory democracy)
• WB and IMF economic governance (public sector
  efficiency)
• For UNDP, Food scarcity doesnt alone explain
  famines, but absence of a free press and
  multi-party democracy (Amartya Sen, 1998)

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Governance Indicators

• A measure of status of governance
• Levels of governance indicators
• Input/commitment level
• Process/responsibility level
• Output/performance level

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Gender-Sensitive Indicators

• Engender data in which differences between men
  and women are taken into account
• Governance indicators should consider
  differences between men and women at every stage
• Focus on gender equality to bridge the gap
  between de facto and de jure
• When development is not en-gendered it is
  en-dangered
• Goal 3 in the MDGs is gender-sensitive - MDGs

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Poverty and Gender

• Feminization of Poverty
• Women have a higher incidence of poverty than men
• Their poverty is more severe
• Trend of greater poverty, particularly associated
  with FHHs
• A need to consider differences in accessing
  income, resources and services

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• Gender NHDR

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Components

• The worldwide trends towards achieving gender
  equality.
• The international and global commitments on
  gender equality.
• The gender and human development (GHD) approach.
• Specific steps on producing NHDR focusing on
  mainstreaming gender

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Introduction

• Gender Thematic Guidance Note
• Draws on the conceptual frameworks of human
  development and gender outlined in global HDR,
  UNDPs strategy, and global commitments regarding
  gender equality.
• Examines NHDRs addressing the issue of gender
  equality within the human development
  perspective.

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Challenges to achieve Gender Equality

• There have been profound changes in the status
  and role of women over the recent decades as
  noted during the Beijing5.
• There has been also a recognition and a growing
  awareness regarding the place of men in gender
  and human development paradigm.

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The International Commitments

• Challenges associated with issues related to
  gender equality remains despite of the
  international conventions, global agreements, and
  the national constitutional laws affirming the
  right of all people to be free of gender
  discrimination.
• Member countries of the United Nations have
  committed to various international platforms and
  goals.

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Gender in the GHDR

• UNDP developed a theoretical frameworks and
  concrete tools to both further the understanding
  of the interrelationship between gender equality
  and human development, and to support countries
  in redressing gender inequalities

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Gender Mainstreaming

• The process of assessing the implications for
  women and men of any planned action including
  legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas
  at all levels. It is a strategy for making
  womens as well as mens concerns and experiences
  an integral dimension of the design,
  implementation, monitoring and evaluation of
  policies and programmes in all political,
  economic and societal spheres so that women and
  men benefit equally and inequality is not
  perpetuated.

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Gender and NHDR process

• DOC (4) Presentation TA.pdf

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Thank You