MAINSTREAMING GENDER IN WATER AND SANITATION

1
MAINSTREAMING GENDER IN WATER AND SANITATION
FINDINGS FROM WATERAID/UNICEF PCA PROJECTS

• PRESENTED
• IN THE 1ST NATIONAL WATER AND SANITATION FORUM
• 28TH AUGUST 1ST SEPTEMBER 2006.
• BY
• PROFESSOR CHARITY ANGYA
• CENTRE FOR GENDER STUDIES
• BENUE STATE UNIVERSITY, MAKURDI BENUE STATE.

2
CONTENT

• INTRODUCTION
• METHODOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS
• APPROACHES TO GENDER MAINSTREAMING
• KEY PROCESS AREAS
• FINDINGS FROM PROJECT ASSESSMENT.
• CATEGORIES OF GENDER AWARE POLICIES
• RECOMMENDATIONS

3
INTRODUCTION

• In 2004 WaterAid Nigeria signed a Programme
  Cooperation Agreement with UNICEF to work
  together in the implementation of the
  FGN/UNICEF/DFID WES project.
• This entails working with local partners (LGAs,
  NGOs and CBOs) to provide access to safe water
  and effective sanitation facilities in 24
  communities of 12 Local Government Areas in 4
  States namely Benue, Ekiti, Enugu and Jigawa.
• Mainstreaming gender in all facets of the project
  was a key issue stated in the PCA.

4
INTRODUCTIONCont

• This study was commissioned to capture and
  document key Gender mainstreaming processes and
  approaches in the PCA based on experience from
  each of the four states of intervention.

5
METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR THE STUDY

• The Gender Based Analysis Method was used to
  design the information to be collected.
• Other approaches such as Mosers framework on
  basic and strategic needs were also used as a
  tool of analysis in addition to the triple roles
  framework.
• Semi-structured interviews and focus group
  discussions were the basic tools used in
  gathering gender disaggregated data in addition
  to first hand observation.

6
MethodologyCont

• The study took as its sample four communities out
  of the six in the four focus states totaling
  sixteen communities out of twenty-four
  communities.
• The approach was random sampling.
• For each of the three local Governments in a
  state, one community was sampled while the fourth
  community was chosen based on logistics, time
  factor and accessibility.

7
DEFINITIONS

• What is Gender Mainstreaming?
• Assessing the implications for women and men of
  any planned action, including legislation,
  policies or programmes in all areas and at all
  levels.
• It is a strategy for making womens as well as
  mens concerns and experiences an integral
  dimension of the design, implementation,
  monitoring and evaluation of policies and
  programmes in all political, economic and social
  spheres so that women and men benefit equally and
  inequality is not perpetuated.(The Economic and
  Social Council (ECOSOC) agreed conclusions on
  gender mainstreaming )

8
APPROACHES TO GENDER MAINSTREAMING

• 1. Analytic approaches
• Assessing trends, problems and possible policy
  outcomes, gender differences and inequalities.
• 2. Procedures and work processes
• At critical decision-making steps of normal work
  routines attention is paid to gender equality
  issues
• 3. Management leadership
• This refers to managements provision of guidance
  to staff about objectives and responsibilities
  for gender mainstreaming.
• It also refers to managements provision of a
  supportive environment for staff to explore
  issues and approaches

9
KEY PROCESS AREAS

• The Key Process Areas for this study are
• LGA self-selection
• WES Unit and Management Committee (MC) formation
• Community self-selection
• LGA and intervention community terms and
  conditions of work
• WESCOM formation
• Baseline survey
• Community training on project management
• PHAST
• Participatory planning with community
• Training of Artisans/sani-operators/Area
  mechanics/spare parts dealers
• Service delivery and
• Hygiene promotion

10
KEY FINDINGS FROM PROJECT ASSESSMENT
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
WES UNIT STAFF COMPOSITION BY GENDER
BENUE STATE
NAME OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE
Ado 6 3 9 66.7 33.3
Okpokwu 7 2 9 77.8 22.2
Ogbadibo 6 2 9 66.7 33.3
ENUGU STATE
NAME OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE
Igbo Etiti 5 4 9 55.6 44.4.
Nkanu East 4 5 9 44.4 55.6
Udenu 6 3 9 66.7 33.3
15
WES UNIT STAFF COMPOSITIONCont
EKITI STATE
NAME OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE
Ikole 6 4 10 60 40
Ilejemeje 6 4 10 60 40
Ekiti South West 6 4 10 60 40
JIGAWA STATE
NAME OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE
Gumel 7 2 9 77.8 22.2
Maigatari 8 1 9 88.9 11.1
Sule Tankarkar 9 - 9 100 -

16
WATER AND SANITATION COMMITTEES
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
CATEGORIES OF GENDER AWARE POLICIES
25
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

1. WANG and UNICEF both show an interest in
   mainstreaming gender into their programmes.
2. WATSAN sector has a definite impact on womens
   reproductive tasks especially as it relates to
   the sick.
3. It is not so clear whether increased
   participation in community affairs, hygiene
   promotion etc., takes up more time and so in
   reality, very little time has been gained
4. A small proportion of women are involved in
   community management of project. These same
   number double as Volunteer Hygiene Promoters.

26
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS.Cont

1. Womens strategic interests are not fully
   addressed in project design, and implementation
2. Low literacy levels of women affect womens
   participation and inclusion in management
   committees
3. The all inclusive nature of budgeting does not
   address specific needs and targets for both women
   and men

27
RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Training and re-training of top management
2. Need for insistence on traditional partners
   mainstreaming gender during implementation
3. More women should be brought into WASCOM and
   trained in project management
4. More men should be trained as community hygiene
   promoters and encouraged to seek innovative ways
   of passing across the messages. This will ensure
   a more equitable distribution of labour.

28
RECOMMENDATIONS Cont.

1. Composition of selection committees both at the
   state and LGA levels should be made more gender
   sensitive. Spelling out the gender composition
   could be a starting point. Women should be
   trained in male dominated areas to encourage a
   break down in sexual division of labour (thereby
   addressing a strategic need and also to enable
   them to benefit from income available in such
   areas as sani-centres and other technical areas.)
2. Drilling still remains a male dominated area.
   Women could be encouraged and empowered to send
   in bids.

29
RECOMMENDATIONSCont.

1. Planning should seek out and respond to local
   womens needs. All members of the organization
   should be given gender sensitization training.
   Trainings should be tailored to fit in with time
   constraints and operational needs of those
   involved.
2. Projects should spell out benefits and
   opportunities available to women.
3. Capacity building programmes should be provided
   for women in management committees.