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El Niño. From a coastal current to global
phenomenon.

El Niño At the end the XIX Century a warm
coastal current that appeared near Christmas in
Peru. Only local effects were known. At the end
of the XX Century a positive anomaly of the sea
surface temperature (referred to the period base
1971-2000) at the region NIÑO 3.4 equal or
greater than 0.5C averaged in 3 consecutive
months . Effects known are almost global. At
the beginnig of the XXI Century Extremes of the
Climate Variability?
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El Niño Southern Oscilation ENSO
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Centro Internacional para la Investigación del
Fenómeno de El Niño
Why CIIFEN exists?
El Niño 1997-1998 originate 100 Billion USD of
losses all around the world. Only en Ecuador, the
final account ranged from 3,5 to 4 Billions
USD. United Nations General Assembly adopted
Resolution 52/200, on December the 18th of 1997,
calling for an enhacement of international
cooperation to reduce the impact of such
phenomenon, specially in the countries of the
Pacific Ocean Bassin. Ecuador Goverment
supported strongly the iniciative. The Center was
based in Guayaquil (Ecuador)
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Centro Internacional para la Investigación del
Fenómeno de El Niño
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Centro Internacional para la Investigación del
Fenómeno de El Niño
Status and Objectives

• International Organization. Linked with ISDR and
  WMO. Open to United Nations countries and
  agencies. International Directorate at this
  moment ISDR, WMO, Ecuador, Spain and CPPS.
• Objectives
• Improvement on institutional actuation in front
  of El Niño and La Niña events in the western area
  of South América. Maximaze benefits when possible
  and minimice losses by the development and use of
  products taylored for sectors agriculture,
  fisheries, water ressouces and public health.
• Increase trough research, of the global knowledge
  of the ENSO and climate in western southamerica.
  This objective shall be covered by cooperation
  trough a network of national and international
  institutions.
• Translation from science to applications that
  foster social and economic development, including
  reduction of disaster risks.

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Centro Internacional para la Investigación del
Fenómeno de El Niño
What CIIFEN is doing?

• Development of Early Warnig Systems on Climate
  Variability for Andean Region. Early Warning
  means few months. There is enaugh time to
  implement PREPARED plans. But the spatial scale
  of the climatic events are larger than in weather
  events
• Studies on adaptation to climate change and
  climate variability. Region is very sensitive to
  deviations from the normal behaviour of rainy and
  dry seasons (giving floods or droughts).
• Evaluations on Water Ressources in shared bassins
  in the Andean Region.
• Support to susteinable development and capacity
  building.
• Implementation of a Virtual Collaborative
  Environment of Research and Development (VCERD)

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Centro Internacional para la Investigación del
Fenómeno de El Niño
VCERD

• Computational system that simultaneously allows
  working of groups geographically
• separated, remote management of current research
  projects, and dissemination to society
• of the results of this research.
• Accessed trough Internet or Internet 2, taking
  the form of a portal. Shows different
• information and resources depending of the
  profile of the user (researcher, manager,
  public).
• Access to climate data, research studies,
  publications, participate in virtual discussions
  about
• models and predictions, jointly manipulate
  models, simulations and visualizations, and even
• to control laboratory equipment in a remote way.
  
• Managers are able to follow up the projects and
  the expenses on the different items on the
  budget.
• The general public can have access to useful
  climate information such as predictions, warnings
  and
• recommendations in simple language.
• Use of intelligent systems, automatization of
  climate data process, search of information on
• El Niño research published by other Institutions,
  translation of climate predictions into a
• simple and common language, among others.