Rhetorical Images

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Rhetorical Images

• Visual Methodologies for Teaching Race and
  Ethnicity

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Barthes and the rhetoric of the image
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Using Images

• Barthes concept of 'rhetoric of the image'
• Images as complex conventional codes
• Rhetoric is often contrasted with rationality and
  allied with radical relativism or nihilism
• but... All discourse is unavoidably rhetorical
• This presentation illustrates the power of images
  to condition our thinking

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Nation, Citizenship, Identity
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Available Discourses
Racist
Romantic
Anthropological
Literary
Tourist
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Romanticism
Nature in the raw
primeval the ruthless struggle for
survival ancient ceremonies Rock tree and
man are one in the Aborigines hearts and have
been since the beginning
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Conditions at One Mile Dam
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Drinking
The Northern Territory's alcohol consumption is
one of the highest in the world, and certainly
the highest in Australia. In 2001 the alcohol
consumption rate was estimated at 1120 standard
drinks per person per year.
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Beer Can Regatta
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Law Order
SHANE STONE, FORMER CHIEF MINISTER People who
are out there causing havoc on our streets, who
are defecating in our car parks and our shopping
centres, deserve to be monstered and stomped on.
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Australias eugenic policy
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The Circuit of Culture

• Production campaigns, intentions
• Regulation hegemony and social control
• Consumption desire economy - distinction
• Identity constant negotiation
• Representation political, basis for social
  meanings, regimes of thought, discourses eg
  tourism, law and order, anthropological etc..

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Critical Visual Methods

• myth of objectivity
• Ethical concerns exploitation or collaboration?
• Obtrusiveness of video recording
• Immediacy and complexity of the material gathered
• 'the study and use of visual images is only of
  use within broader sociological research
  enterprises, rather than as ends in themselves.
  (Bank, M 2001 178)

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Consider the Image

• no one-way visual method or perspective
• we dont see, we perceive
• the visual, as objects and images, exists
  materially in the world but gain meaning from
  humans.
• all images are regarded as polysemic
• images can be researcher found (generated by
  others) or researcher generated (created by the
  researcher).
• Photographs or film cannot be equated with truth
  or reality

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Conclusions

• How to address issues in a relevant way?
• Allows focus on how social meanings are formed
  and circulate
• Visual material drawn from a variety of sources
  is immediate and interactive
• Needs backing up with reading
• Less can be more small interactive nuggets
  which when unpacked can really stimulate
  discussion and understanding
• Potential for use in virtual learning environments

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Images

• Images
• Baron Cuvier's Natural History (1890) Landseer's
  plates Mongols, Negros
• Lambe, Mick
• 'Black Australia has had enough' photograph from
  PARIAH website - reproduced with permission of
  Mick Lambe
• Hammerton, Sir J. (circa 1933) Peoples of All
  Nations, Amalgamated Press, London
• 'Negro Women' at work in sugar cane field Vol
  1 p203, - Photo Service (untraceablele)
• 'Bejewelled Beauty of the Kabyle' Crete, (Vol 2,
  facing page 28)
• 'Fleeting Glimpses of Feminine Charms' (Vol. 1,
  p441)
• Metropolitan Police
• Anti-Terrorism poster -
• Nucolorvue Postcard
• Australian Aborigines - - NCV 12972 11SZ132.
• Northern Territory News,
• 'Go Home', Headline April 2003
• Permits for Aborigines March 4th 2003
• Black v White, April 26 2003
• Gang of 30 Bashes 3 Teens, April 16th 2003
• Spencer, S

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Bibliography

• Banks, M (1995) Visual research methods Social
  Research Update Department of Sociology,
  University of Surrey, Winter 1995
• Banks, M (2000) Visual Methods in Social
  Research, Sage
• Barthes, R (1984) Camera Lucida, Flamingo
• Barthes, R, (1982) Image, Music,Text, Flamingo
• Barthes, R, (1972) Mythologies, Paladin
• Critcher, 2002
• Hall, S. et al 1978,
• Hall, Stuart, ed. (1997) Representation Cultural
  Representations and Signifying Practices, Sage
• Kumbutjil Association (One Mile Dam Community)
  onemiledam.org
• Muecke, S. (1982) Available Discourses in
  Botsman, P. d (1982) Theoretical Strategies,
  Sydney, Local Consumption Press.
• PARIAH website (People Against Racism In
  Australian Homelands) managed by Mick Lambe
  (Better a Pariah than a Liar) http//www.country-l
  iberal-party.com/pages/incarc_p5.htm
• W.J.T. Mitchell (199413) Picture Theory. Essays
  on Verbal and Visual Representation Universityof
  Chicago Press.
• Rose (2001) Visual Methodologies, Sage
• Said, E (1978) Orientalism, Penguin
• Spencer, S (due 2005) A Dream Deferred Ethnic
  Conflict in Guyana, Dido Press
• Spencer, S (2005) Contested Homelands Darwin's
  'itinerant problem' in Pacific Journalism Review,
  Auckland University New Zealand
• Also Available Online http//onemiledam.org/pages/
  Framing_the_Fringe_Dwellers.htm
• Spencer, S (2005) 'Framing the Fringe Dwellers'
  Visual Methods for Research Teaching Race
  Ethnicity A Sample Case Study, in C-SAP
  Monograph
• Spencer, S Todd, M (2005) Reflecting on
  Practice teaching and learning issues in race
  and ethnicity, C-SAP Monograph, University of
  Birmingham

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