Apple Cultivars

1
Apple Cultivars World Production
Cultivar of
Production Date introduced
Golden Delicious 18.6
1895 Delicious
18.0 1916 Gala
8.8
1973 Granny Smith
6.0
1868 Fuji
6.0 1962
Jonagold 3.2
1968 Idared
3.2
1942 Jonathan
2.6
1826 Braeburn
2.3 1952 McIntosh
1.7
1836
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Why all the Interest in New Apple Cultivars?

• GROWERS
• Premium price
• Higher yields
• Pest resistance
• Improved quality
• Niche markets

• CONSUMERS
• Flavor
• Size
• Flesh quality
• Crispness
• Texture
• Eye appeal
• Keeping quality

The desire to find that perfect apple
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Comparing Less than Perfect Apple Cultivars
Steve Miller USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research
Station 45 Wiltshire Raod Kearneysville, WV 25430
4
Performance of New Apple Cultivars
In the NE-183 Project in West Virginia
5
NE-183 Multidisciplinary Evaluation of New Apple
Cultivars
1995 Project initiated in 18 states and 2
Canadian Provinces AFRS Horticultural
Planting 19 cultivars - Pest Planting 23
cultivars - all cultivars on M.9 rootstock 3
cultivars also on MARK rootstock 5 trees
each - Alan Biggs Henry Hogmire, WVU Coop.
1999 2nd planting - Horticultural Planting
20 cultivars - one cultivar (NY 428) added in
2000 - all cultivars on M.9 rootstock 5 trees
each
6
Tree Losses in the NE-183 Plantings 1995 thru
2002
Trees Lost Trees Lost
Planting Type Original No. Trees No.
1995 Hort. 93 39 41.9
Pest 130 7 5.4
1999 Hort. 100 4 4.0
Losses attributed to fire blight, herbicide
injury(?), collar rot, dogwood borer, and unknown.
7
Cultivars in the 1995 NE-183 Planting
Arlet Ginger Gold Pristine
Braeburn Golden Delicious Sansa
Cameo Golden Supreme Senshu
Creston GoldRush Shizuka
Enterprise Honeycrisp Suncrisp
Fortune NY 75414-1 Sunrise
Fuji Red Sport 2 Orin Yataka
Gala Supreme PioneerMac
8
Time of Full Bloom for the 1995 Cultivar Planting
April 15 - Sunrise, Pristine, Arlet April 16 -
Braeburn, Pioneer Mac April 17 - Orin, NY75414-1,
Creston April 18 - Yataka, Ginger Gold, GoldRush,
Fortune April 19 - Shizuka, Sansa, Gala Supreme,
Enterprise April 20 - Cameo, Fuji April 21 -
Senshu, Golden Delicious April 22 - Suncrisp,
Honeycrisp April 23 - Golden Supreme
Mean, 1997 through 2002
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Over Mature
Immature
Mature Range
1
4
6
8
The Cornell Starch Index (SI) Rating
Chart (Generic chart)
10
Jul 20 Camuzat x PRI 1659-10 Med to larger firm
crisp at low SI, tart to subacid, spicy at full
maturity Requires multiple picks prone to
preharvest drop Scab resistant good resistance
to PM
Pristine
11
Jul 30 (McIntosh x Golden Del. X PCF-3-120 Small
to med. subacid to acid Attractive red color
multiple picks Highly susceptible to bitter rot
Sunrise
12
Aug 7 Gala x Akane Small to med. crisp, juicy,
good balance of sugar acid, robust sweet/tart
flavor Attractive color Susceptible to bitter rot
and ERM FB(?)
Sansa
13
Aug 15 Chance seedling Med to large firm, juicy,
coarse texture, mild tart to subacid with sugar
at SI 6 or above Vigorous spreading tree
multiple pickings suggested Highly susceptible to
FB PM
14
Arlet
Aug 19 Golden Del. X Idared Med size firm,
somewhat crisp juicy, fine texture, but tough
skin Tart to subacid at high SI best flavor
above SI 5 Highly prone to russet Prone to greasy
skin when mature
15
Aug 24 Toko x Fuji Med size firm
juicy but only mod. crisp flavor is often bland,
but can be somewhat sweet Generally poor
color Highly susceptible to CM, OFM, WALH
resistant to PM
Senshu
16
Honeycrisp
Aug 24 Macoun x Honeygold Large exceptionally
crisp juicy flavor may be sprightly acid
w/slight sugar or bland (weak). Color generally
poor Susceptible to low Ca JB chlorotic and
cupped leaves, low vigor tree
17
Aug 27 Chance seedling Med to large firm, mod.
crisp very juicy mildly sweet Attractive
smooth finish Excessive preharvest drop prone to
alternate bearing
Golden Supreme
18
Sept 10 Golden Del. X BC381049 Med to larger
firm, crisp very juicy, fine texture flavor
variable- mild sweet to subacid or
astringent Color generally poor Mod. vigorous
spreading tree Susceptible to CM, OFM CAR
19
Sept 10 Liberty x MacSpur Small to med heavy
bloom firm crisp at SI 2, but softens
quickly subacid to tart Subject to WC flesh
cracking Scab resistant cultivar (SRC) Somewhat
weak tree w/ open canopy
20
Sept 18 Red Spy x Empire Very large, often
lopsided generally poor color mildly acid,
good crispness and high sugar. Somewhat prone to
preharvest drop. Mod vigorous, partially
spreading, somewhat spurry tree
Fortune
21
Yataka
Sept 19 Mutation of Fuji Med size, w/ russet
like Fuji somewhat crisp very juicy bland
to sweet. Susceptible to stem-end cracking, WC,
bitter rot. Alternate bearing
22
Sept 19 Golden Delicious x Indo Large, prone to
scarfskin russet in stem cavity Sweet at SI 5
gt fine texture Similar to Mutsu but
earlier Triploid productive
23
Sept 29 Golden Delicious x Indo Med to larger,
green large rough lenticels, often
w/scarfskin Sweet to very sweet triploid Highly
susceptible to scab, PM, CM, OFM
Orin
24
Cameo
Sept 30 (?). Chance seedling. Med to large
prominent stripe color () fruit hangs well
firm, crisp sweet/tart at maturity. Dense
canopy but good spur development
25
Oct 1 Chance seedling Med size firm,
crisp, juicy, fine textured acid to sweet-tart
at high SI (6 gt) greasy at late
maturity Attractive color scarfskin can be a
problem highly susceptible to Ca disorders, FB,
CM, OFM and stink bug(?)
Braeburn
26
Oct 2 Chance seedling Med to large hangs very
well firm, coarse textured mild sweet to
subacid tough chewy skin (?) Large rough
lenticels, slight russet subject to greasy
skin Good resistance to scab, PM CAR
27
Oct 4 Ralls Janet x Delicious Med to larger
somewhat firm, but crisp and juicy sweet
(?) Marginal color in many years, lenticels and
russet can detract from appearance excellent
storage Alternate bearing WC problems stem-end
splitting
Fuji Red Sport No. 2
Fuji Red Sport 2
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Oct 7 PRI numbered crosses Large, highly
colored firm juicy, but not crisp tart to
subacid that improves at late SI, but high
soluble solids tough, chewy skin Tree vigorous
spreading, subject to low pH problems scab
immune excellent resistance to FB
Enterprise
29
Oct 8 Golden Del. X 303955 Large firm, but only
mod. juicy crisp tart to spicy subacid best
flavor at high SI or from storage May have pink
to orange blush prone to net-like fine
russet Alternate bearing subject to FB
30
Suncrisp
31
Oct 22 Golden Delicious x Coop 17 Med to slightly
larger very firm and crisp tart to acid
spicy w/detectable sugar later Burnt orange blush
with obvious lenticels and some russet resistant
to scab PM Mod. vigorous spreading
32
GoldRush Cracking
33
Mean Yield/Tree Cumulative Yield, Hort
Planting, 2nd-8th Leaf Top Ten
() No. trees in mean yield
34
Mean Yield/Tree Cumulative Yield, Pest
Planting, 2nd-8th Leaf Top Ten
35
Mean Yield/Tree Cumulative Yield, Hort
Planting, 2nd-8th Leaf Bottom Seven
( ) No. trees in mean yield
36
Mean Yield/Tree Cumulative Yield, Pest
Planting, 2nd 8th Leaf, - Bottom Seven
() no. trees in mean yield
37
Steves Picks from the 1995 NE-183 Planting in
West Virginia

• GoldRush
• Enterprise
• Cameo
• Golden Supreme
• Shizuka

Honorable Mentions Sansa and Suncrisp
Established Recommended Ginger Gold, Fuji,
and Braeburn
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Cultivars in the 1999 NE-183 Planting
Ambrosia Golden Delicious Runkel
Autumn Gold Hampshire Silken
BC 8S-26-50 September Wonder Sundance
Chinook NJ 109 Zestar!
Crimson Crisp NJ 90 NY 428
CQR10T17 NY 79507-49 Corail
CQR12T50 NY 79507-72 NY65707-19
Delblush Cripps Pink (Pink Lady ) Scarlet OHara
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Time of Full Bloom for the 1999 Cultivar Planting
April 20 - Zestar!, Silken April 21 -
NY79507-49 April 21 - Ambrosia, Autumn Gold, BC
8S-26-50, CQR10T17, Hampshire, September
Wonder Fuji, NJ 90 April 22 - Sundance (Coop 29),
Crimson Crisp (Coop 39), Delblush,
Runkel April 23 - Chinook, NY79507-72 April 24 -
CQR12T50, Cripps Pink April 25 - NJ 109 April
26 - Golden Delicious, (Suncrisp, Nittany)
Mean of 2001 and 2002
40
Zestar!
Aug 8 State Fair x MN1691 Medium to larger,
marginal color Somewhat acid best flavor at SI 5
gt requires multiple picks May watercore Preharves
t fruit drop ?
41
NJ 109
Aug 25 Golden Delicious x NJ 88 Medium to
smaller Acid Best flavor at SI 5gt May
watercore Russet free
42
Aug 30 NJ75 x DIR101T117 Princess, Larger
fine texture, crisp somewhat acid. Pink blush to
orange sunburn. SRC good FB, CAR PM resistance
43
Aug 20 Honeygold x Sunrise Med. to larger sweet
to subacid juicy crisp Subject to WC Shows
bruising drought spot(?) Spurry, well
structured tree
Silken
44
Aug 31 Empire x Redfree Med to smaller Weak, mild
flavor firm flesh Subject to WC prone to
preharvest drop SRC good resistance to CAR, PM
FB Open canopy upright
NY 79507-72
45
Sept 3 Empire x Redfree Med to larger Mildly
sweet with some acid coarse texture Pinkish red
with heavy bloom preharvest drop SRC good
CAR,PM, FB resistance
NY79507-49
46
Sept 5 Mutation of Fuji. Medium sweet juicy
fine texture. Color better than std. Fuji.
Vigorous tree
Sept. Wonder Fuji
47
CQR10T17
Sept. 7 PRI program, crosses Medium to
large good color Extremely firm sweet/tart
coarse texture greasy when mature WC Scab
immune, good FB PM resistance Dense, vigorous
canopy
48
Sept 8 Chance seedling Quite large generally
good color, but striped pink in some years Sweet
with low acid tough skin best flavor at SI
4/5 Subject to WC
Runkel
49
Sept 8 PRI program, crosses Smaller size Tart
to subacid fine texture bright color greasy
skin at room temp. May exhibit WC Scab immune
susceptible to FB High quality tree
Crimson Crisp
50
Sept 12 Gala x Splendour Med size prone to
russet rough lenticels scarfskin Sweet, low
acid very juicy fine texture starchy flavor
below SI 5 similar to Splendour
BC 8S-26-50
51
Sept. 17 Chance seedling Med size, reddish pink,
may not color well Crisp, sweet, fine texture
robust flavor above SI 5 Very upright tree
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Sept. 6
Sept 20 136055 x Spartan Med size crisp, juicy,
subacid with detectable sugar, somewhat
spicy Excellent purple-red color but scarfskin
and bloom Significant preharvest drop
53
Autumn Gold
Sept 26 Chance seedling Large, juicy,
moderately sweet, very low acid best flavor SI
4-6 Green sometimes w/pink blush Not prone to
russet Vigorous, spreading tree subject to
preharvest drop
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Sept 26 Golden Del. X Blushing Golden Small to
med tart, high acid, mod. coarse texture Prone
to russet and large rough lenticels may have
orange blush Subject to preharvest drop Stores
better than reg. Golden
Delblush
55
Sept 28 Chance seedling Med to larger
Good red color with intensity Mod. juicy crisp,
subacid good balance of acid sugar Best flavor
at SI 4-6 Fairly vigorous tree prone to
preharvest drop
Hampshire
56
Oct 2 Golden Del. X PRI 1050-201 Med to larger
crisp, coarse texture, subacid to tart, high
acid, best flavor SI 3-5 May have pink blush
subject to russet Scab immune, FB resistant
Sundance
57
Oct 6 Splendour x Gala Very small size good
pinkish color slightly sweet to subacid starchy
flavor at low SI, best at SI 6-7 Rough lenticels,
net-like russet Spurry tree w/short laterals
58
Oct 29 Golden Del. x Lady Williams Med to
smaller dense, firm texture, subacid to tart,
high acid best flavor after cold
storage Excellent pink color over
yellow/green Susceptible to FB scab
Cripps Pink
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Yield Fruit Weight for NE-183 Apple Cultivars
1999 Planting, Top Ten Cultivars
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Yield Fruit Weight for NE-183 Apple Cultivars
1999 Planting, Bottom Ten Cultivars
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Steves Early Picks from the 1999 NE-183 Planting
in WestVirginia

• September Wonder Fuji
• Crimson Crisp
• NJ 90
• Autumn Gold
• Hampshire
• Cripps Pink

Long Shots Silken and Ambrosia
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For Data Collection, Thanks To
With USDA, AFRS - Mr. Larry Crim
With WVU TFREC Dr. Alan Biggs Dr. Henry
Hogmire Ms. Kimberly Arbogast Ms. Deborah
Blue Ms. Samantha Hoover Ms. Shelley
Pearson Mr. Tim Winfield Mr. Rob Young
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THE END