HTML

1
HTML

• Hypertext Markup Language
• Most commonly used programming language for the
  internet based on SGML
• Composed of keywords with opening and closing
  tags, called container tags
• Initially developed by Tim Berners-Lee as a
  research tool used to link text with documents on
  the internet
• Latest version is 4.0.1
• File extensions of .htm or .html

2
DHTML

• Dynamic HTML
• Composed of a variety of programming languages
  used by browsers
• May include Javascript, HTML, Style Sheets (CSS),
  Actionscript (Flash), etc.
• Term coined by Netscape and Microsoft for
  marketing purposes
• Enhances interactivity of a website

3
XHTML

• Extensible Hypertext Markup Language
• Used to be compatible with XML library
• Can be used simultaneously with HTML
• Strict use of lowercase characters and attribute
  definitions
• Used primarily for ecommerce sites with databases
  of information
• File extensions of .html, .htm, .xhtml, or .xht

4
HMTL Structure

• Container tag structure
• lttaggt the content the tag affectslt/taggt

Turns formatting on
Turns formatting off
Standalone tag structure lttaggt other content
Places an element on the page (doesnt affect
content display
5
HTML Website Design

• Give your site structure using HTML tags
• Format text and pages using attributes
• Create and add graphics
• Add links

6
Setting up the document

• lt!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0
  Transitional//EN" "http//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD
  /xhtml1-transitional.dtd"gt
• DOCTYPE describes the language used based on DTD,
  document type definition
• In this case, its XHTML TRANSITIONAL
• XHTML uses style sheets
• Other document types are STRICT and FRAMESET

7
Setting up the document 2

• lthtmlgt identifies document as HTML
• ltheadgt provides information about document
• lttitlegt appears in top of browser window lt/titlegt
• lt/headgt closing head tag
• ltbodygt contains content that displays in the
  browser
• lt/bodygt closing body tag
• lt/htmlgt closing HTML tag

8
Common formatting tags

• lthngt lt/hn)n1-6 text heading identification with
  1 being largest font size, 6 is smallest font
  size
• ltpgt lt/pgt new paragraph
• ltbrgt forces a line break
• ltimg srcgt indicates an image source
• ltbgt lt/bgt inline style of bold
• ltdivgt lt/divgt division tag defines attributes for
  a block of elements

9
Naming Conventions

• Most servers are based on the UNIX operating
  system, therefore
• HTML files must end with .html or .htm
• Never use spaces
• Never use special characters (?, , , /, etc)
• Filenames are case sensitive
• Keep filenames short
• Keep filenames consistent (for your benefit)

10
Browsers Ignore

• Line Breaks (carriage returns)
• Tabs and Multiple Spaces (use nonbreaking space
  code nbsp)
• Unrecognized tags
• Text in comments lt!-- blah, blah, blah --gt
• Multiple ltpgt tags